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- Theme: “United Nations Charter” Project work
Содержание
- 2. Problem: Structure and functions of the UN Charter. Idea: Analysis of Charter. Aim: Show the basic
- 3. Plan: 1. The Charter of The United Nations. 2. Structure. 3. The main chapters of Charter.
- 4. The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational treaty of the international organization called the
- 5. Structure. Chapter I sets forth the purposes of the United Nations, including the important provisions of
- 6. The main chapters of Charter.
- 7. The Preamble to the treaty reads as follows: We the peoples of the United Nations determined
- 8. Chapter I: Purposes And Principles Article 1 The Purposes of the United Nations are To maintain
- 9. Chapter II of the United Nations Charter deals with membership of the United Nations organization. Membership
- 10. Chapter III of the United Nations Charter lays out the principal organs of the United Nations,
- 11. Chapter V of the United Nations Charter contains provisions establishing the United Nations Security Council. Article
- 12. Chapter X of the United Nations Charter deals with the UN Economic and Social Council. Originally,
- 13. Chapter XIX of the United Nations Charter deals with ratification and signature of the UN Charter.
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Problem: Structure and functions of the UN Charter.
Idea: Analysis of
Problem: Structure and functions of the UN Charter.
Idea: Analysis of
Aim: Show the basic activities of the UN and how this organization performs its functions.
Plan:
1. The Charter of The United Nations.
2. Structure.
3. The main chapters
Plan:
1. The Charter of The United Nations.
2. Structure.
3. The main chapters
a. Preamble.
b. Chapter I.
c. Chapter II.
d. Chapter III.
e. Chapter V.
f. Chapter X.
g. Chapter XIX.
List of used literature:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Charter
https://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/
https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf
http://www.icj-cij.org/documents/index.php?p1=4&p2=1&
The Charter of the United Nations
is the foundational treaty of the international organization called the United Nations. It
The Charter of the United Nations
is the foundational treaty of the international organization called the United Nations. It
As a charter, it is a constituent treaty, and all members are bound by its articles. Furthermore, Article 103 of the Charter states that obligations to the United Nations prevail over all other treaty obligations. Most countries in the world have now ratified the Charter.
Structure.
Chapter I sets forth the purposes of the United Nations, including the
Structure.
Chapter I sets forth the purposes of the United Nations, including the
Chapter II defines the criteria for membership in the United Nations.
Chapters III-XV, the bulk of the document, describe the organs and institutions of the UN and their respective powers.
Chapters XVI and Chapter XVII describe arrangements for integrating the UN with established international law.
Chapters XVIII and Chapter XIX provide for amendment and ratification of the Charter.
The following chapters deal with the enforcement powers of UN bodies:
Chapter VI describes the Security Council's power to investigate and mediate disputes;
Chapter VII describes the Security Council's power to authorize economic, diplomatic, and military sanctions, as well as the use of military force, to resolve disputes;
Chapter VIII makes it possible for regional arrangements to maintain peace and security within their own region;
Chapters IX and Chapter X describe the UN's powers for economic and social cooperation, and the Economic and Social Council that oversees these powers;
Chapters XII and Chapter XIII describe the Trusteeship Council, which oversaw decolonization;
Chapters XIV and Chapter XV establish the powers of, respectively, the International Court of Justice and the United Nations Secretariat.
Chapters XVI through Chapter XIX deal respectively with XVI: miscellaneous provisions, XVII: transitional security arrangements related to World War II, XVIII: the charter amendment process, and XIX: ratification of the charter.
The Charter consists of a preamble and a series of articles grouped into chapters.
The preamble consists of two principal parts. The first part contains a general call for the maintenance of peace and international security and respect for human rights. The second part of the preamble is a declaration in a contractual style that the governments of the peoples of the United Nations have agreed to the Charter.
The main chapters of Charter.
The main chapters of Charter.
The Preamble to the treaty reads as follows:
We the peoples of
The Preamble to the treaty reads as follows:
We the peoples of
to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and
to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and
to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
And for these ends
to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and
to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and
to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and
to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,
Have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.Although the Preamble is an integral part of the Charter, it does not set out any of the rights or obligations of member states; its purpose is to serve as an interpretative guide for the provisions of the Charter through the highlighting of some of the core motives of the founders of the organisation.
Preamble
Chapter I: Purposes And Principles
Article 1
The Purposes of the United Nations
Chapter I: Purposes And Principles
Article 1
The Purposes of the United Nations
To maintain international and security, to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
Article 2
The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles:
The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.
All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.
All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.
All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.
The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.
Chapter II
of the United Nations Charter deals with membership of the United Nations organization.
Chapter II
of the United Nations Charter deals with membership of the United Nations organization.
Chapter II also provides for the suspension and expulsion of member countries from the UN by the UN General Assembly upon the recommendation of the UN Security Council, and for the restoration of rights to suspended members by the Security Council. Partly because of the procedure set out in this chapter, Taiwan has questioned the legality of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 which declared that the People's Republic of China was the legitimate holder of the Chinese seat and that the Taiwanese delegation of Republic of China was questionably to be expelled forthwith and the entry of the People's Republic of China's Membership nor initially granting the recommendation by Republic of China in the Security Council before the General Assembly. In 2005, Israel called for the expulsion of Iran, apparently interpreting the latter's calls for the destruction of Israel as having "persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter" and thus meeting the Article 6 criteria for expulsion.
Chapter III
of the United Nations Charter lays out the principal organs of
Chapter III
of the United Nations Charter lays out the principal organs of
They are listed in the same order as the chapters detailing their composition, functions, and powers appear in the Charter. The placement of the General Assembly first in the list probably is due to the founders' intention that the UNGA be the "first branch" or core of the UN system. Chapter III establishes:
The UN General Assembly;
The UN Security Council;
The UN Economic and Social Council;
The UN Trusteeship Council;
The International Court of Justice; and
The UN Secretariat.
Additionally, Chapter III authorizes the establishment of subsidiary bodies to these organs, which are typically also authorized in the chapters relating to those principal organs. Chapter III also has an equal opportunity provision banning "restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs." Chapter III sets up a more complex organizational structure than Article 2 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which simply provided, "The action of the League under this Covenant shall be effected through the instrumentality of an Assembly and of a Council, with a permanent Secretariat," establishing a three-organ system as opposed to a six-organ system.
Chapter V of the United Nations Charter
contains provisions establishing the United Nations Security
Chapter V of the United Nations Charter
contains provisions establishing the United Nations Security
Article 23 establishes the composition of the Security Council, with five permanent members (the People's Republic of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly. The non-permanent members serve two year terms and cannot be immediately re-elected. In the selection process for these non-permanent members, the treaty calls for "due regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution."
Article 24 gives the Security Council "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security" and requires the Security Council to act in accordance with the UN's purposes and principles.
Article 25 requires members to "accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council," a mandate that does not apply with respect to the decisions of any other UN body, with the exception of the World Court's decisions once a country has accepted its jurisdiction.
Article 26 reflects a pro-disarmament sentiment:
In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.Nonetheless, the language employed here is considerably softer than that of Article 8 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which stated:
The Members of the League agree that the manufacture by private enterprise of munitions and implements of war is open to grave objections. The Council shall advise how the evil effects attendant upon such manufacture can be prevented, due regard being had to the necessities of those Members of the League which are not able to manufacture the munitions and implements of war necessary for their safety.The Security Council made its first real effort on disarmament in June 1968 when it adopted Resolution 255, which contained assurances for non-nuclear weapon states. Some observers believe that today, the UNSC is not fulfilling its mandate under Article 26.
Chapter X of the United Nations Charter
deals with the UN Economic and Social
Chapter X of the United Nations Charter
deals with the UN Economic and Social
Chapter XIX of the United Nations Charter
deals with ratification and signature of the UN
Chapter XIX of the United Nations Charter
deals with ratification and signature of the UN