Adverbs

of comparison
5. Position of adverbs in the sentence

verbs, adjectives, other words or whole clauses. They have diverse lexical meanings and differ in their structure and role in the sentence.
Mostly adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding –ly (calm –calmly)
Spelling rules: busy – busily, capable – capably, final – finally.
We cannot form an adverb from an adjective ending in –ly -> use other phrases
e.g. cowardly (adj.) He felt cowardlyly. He felt like a coward / in a cowardly way.
In informal US English real and good are used instead of really and well.

too, quite, still )
Fixed phrases (kind of, of course, at last )
noun/preposition + -ward(s)/-wise (home -> homeward, after -> afterwards, price -> pricewise, health -> healthwise)
Compounds (some + times -> sometimes)
Adverbs which have the same form as adjectives: close, dead, fast, fine, long, low, pretty, short, straight, wide, wrong

eventually, immediately, lately, now, presently, soon, suddenly, then, when, yesterday, yet, etc.
e.g. He is coming tomorrow.
2) adverbs of frequency: always, constantly, hardly ever, never, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, three times, twice, etc.
e.g. He is always in time for meals.
3) adverbs of place or direction: abroad, ashore, backwards, below, downstairs, everywhere, here, inside, outside, seaward(s), there, to and fro, where, etc.
e.g. I looked for him everywhere.
4) adverbs of manner: badly, clearly, deeply, fast, how, quickly, sideways, sincerely, somehow, well, willingly, etc.
e.g. He speaks English well.
Adverbs of manner saying how an action is performed can I freely occur with dynamic verbs, but not with stative verbs.
e.g. He looked into the problem carefully.

much, nearly, perfectly, pretty, quite, rather, re ally, so, somewhat, terribly, too, unusually, very, etc.
e.g. I quite agree with you.
Adverbs of degree or intensifiers may be subdivided into three semantic groups:
a) emphasizers (emphasizing the truth of the communication): actually, at all, clearly, definitely, indeed, just, literally, plainly, really, simply, etc.
b) amplifiers (expressing a high degree): absolutely, altogether, badly, bitterly, completely, deeply, entirely, extremely, (by) far, fully, greatly, heartily, much, perfectly, quite, terribly, thoroughly, utterly, very, etc.
c) downtoners (lowering the effect): a bit, almost, barely, enough, hardly, kind of, (a) little, moderately, more or less, nearly, partly, quite, rather, scarcely, slightly, somewhat, sort of, sufficiently, etc.

exactly, just, merely, only, precisely, purely, simply, especially, etc.
b) additive: again, also, either, equally, even, too, etc.
7) viewpoint adverbs: economically, morally, politically, scientifically, etc. e. g. Geographically and linguistically, these islands are closer to the mainland than to the neighbouring islands.
8) attitudinal adverbs which express the speaker’s comment on the content of what he is saying: admittedly, allegedly, apparently, decidedly, definitely, doubtless, maybe, obviously, perhaps, possibly. presumably, probably, quite likely, supposedly, surely, etc.
e.g. Certainly, he had very little reason to fear anyone.
9) Conjunctive adverbs: consequently, finally, first(ly), for all that, for example, further, furthermore, hence, however, incidentally, etc.
e.g. Incidentally, he left you a message. It is on your desk.
10) formulaic adverbs (markers of courtesy): cordially, kindly, please, etc.
e.g. Will you kindly help me with the parcel?

of time, frequency, place, manner, degree)
e.g. During my walks I occasionally met people I knew. (frequency)
Adjectives (adverbial modifiers of degree - intensifiers)
e.g. My English was too poor to allow me to make speeches.
Prepositional phrases
e.g. They lived nearly on the top of the hill.
Nouns
e.g. He was fully master of the situation.
Sentences
e.g. He felt sure that, politically, the proposal might have serious consequences. Luckily, I came just in time.
2. Connectors between two sentences or statements.
e.g. He felt ill, yet he didn’t stay in. I know you are not a doctor. Nevertheless (still) you could have bandaged his cut.

in the same way as those of adjectives.
Monosyllabic adverbs and “early” form the comparatives by adding the suffixes -er and -est (hard — harder — hardest, soon — sooner — soonest, early — earlier — earliest)
All other adverbs (mostly ending in -ly) -> more and most (beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully)
Irregular forms (well — better — best, badly — worse — worst, much — more — most, little — less — least)

depends on its meaning and the word or phrase it is modifying. There are 3 common adverbial positions:
Front (before the subject)
Mid (next to the verb / predicate)
Final (after the object or complement)
front mid final
e.g. These days I probably take my health much more seriously.
If the object or complement of a verb is very long we can put a final position adverb before it:
e.g. These days 1 take much more seriously all those things 1 used to take for granted.

I’ve been incredibly busy this week. Yesterday I worked more than twelve hours.
Inversion: after negative adverbs or after adverbs of time and place followed by a verb of movement or position, we put the verb before the subject
e.g. Never have I seen such a disturbing sight.
We do not use adverbs of definite frequency, e.g. daily, weekly, in front position:
e.g. Monthly I get paid. I get paid monthly.

adverbs of certainty, one-word adverbs of time, even and only
With a simple verb we put the adverb between the subject and the verb, but with simple forms of be the adverb goes after the verb:
e.g. She arrives always by taxi and she always is an time. She always arrives by taxi and she is always on time.
If there is a modal or auxiliary verb we put the adverb after the (first) auxiliary verb:
e.g. We’ve never been to the Greek islands.
These adverbs (frequency, degree,etc.) go after do or not:
They don’t really understand my point of view.
But we put sometimes, still, certainly, definitely and probably before a negative auxiliary:
e.g. I sometimes don’t understand his arguments. He still hasn’t convinced me.
We do not use time adverbs (definite time or frequency) in mid position beside always, frequently, generally, hardly ever, never, normally, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, already, finally, immediately, just, now, no longer, soon, still, then
e.g. We every day buy our lunch at that sandwich bar on the corner.
But we can do this in news reports:
e.g. The Federal Reserve today announced an immediate rise in interest rates.