Содержание
- 2. INTRODUCTION Prior to the existence of environmental laws, the environment was severely degraded. The need for
- 3. ENVIROMENTAL ETHICS Humans are the dominant species in the ecosystem, with knowledge and power. It is
- 4. ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO CONTROL POLLUTION Tort Law: Ineffective way to stop pollution, why? Subsidies, Emissions charges,
- 5. EVOLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Reflected the state of scientific knowledge and the development of sophisticated
- 6. THE SEVENTIES THE ENVIRONMENTAL DECADE Three books inspired the environmental awareness: 1. Silent Spring; by Rachel
- 7. 1970’s The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency, EPA The passage of the National Environmental Policy
- 8. 1980’s Getting government off the back of business, Reagan’s deregulation. Cutting EPA personnel by 20%, and
- 9. 1990’s Passage of the CLEAN AIR ACT in 1990. Federal courts were dominated by Reagan’s conservative
- 10. 1990’s continued Very few proposals became law by the end of 1995. A Republican pollster disclosed
- 11. 2001 Bush’s first acts as president was to order agencies to suspend implementation of Clinton’s environmental
- 12. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT of 1970 Establishes the Council on Environmental Quality, CEQ; the federal watchdog.
- 13. CEQ Made up of 3 persons, one is the chair, and staff to serve them. Advise
- 14. POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT of 1990 Remedies earlier end-of-pipe regulations, finds ways to prevent the creation of
- 15. AIR QUALITY CONTROL The 1970 Clean Air Act targeted Auto and Smokestacks Emissions, it significantly improved
- 16. Continue; Major air pollutants 3. Carbon Monoxide; sources are natural and also from incomplete burning of
- 17. Continue; Major air pollutants 5. Particulates; Natural sources include soil erosion, pollen, volcanoes. Human made sources
- 18. Major air pollutants 6. Lead; Major source was leaded gasoline which was phased out in early
- 19. Major air pollutants 7. Airborne toxins; 188 airborne toxins are currently, or will be, regulated after
- 20. GLOBAL AIR-QUALITY PROBLEMS Acid rain; primary cause is SO2 and NOx emissions. SO2 and NOx gases
- 21. GLOBAL AIR-QUALITY PROBLEMS Depletion of the Ozone Layer; the primary cause is the use of chlorofluorocarbons,
- 22. GLOBAL AIR-QUALITY PROBLEMS Global Warming; The majority of scientists think it would be devastating if the
- 23. SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE The 1997 Kyoto Protocol: An attempt by the global community
- 24. INDOOR POLLUTION Poorly ventilated buildings can trap pollutants and affect human health Source may come from
- 25. HISTORICAL APPROACH Earlier attempts to improve air quality started in the 1880’s Clean Air Act of
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