Grammar: verb patterns with modals and verbs of permission/obligation

problems does overpopulation cause?
What can or should governments do to improve city life?
Should people be discouraged from moving to cities? How?
Do you think all children should learn a musical instrument in school? Why/ why not? In what ways does music education benefit children? Does it make it worth the money? What do you think the effect of more music in schools would be?
https://tefltastic.wordpress.com/worksheets/exams/ielts/objective-ielts/ielts-sp-part3-music/

live using:
despite the large number of; despite having a lot of
besides = in addition (obvious ones)
besides visiting Red Square, most Muscovites go to museums
in any case
but for
according to some
even if
both A and B have an influence on people’s decisions
neither
regardless

clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper.
At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
(160 words, band 9)
Note: I joined the introduction and overview together because they were both short. Try to analyse the essay - why is it worth band 9?

IELTS Writing Task 1: flow chart essay
The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.

https://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2013/10/ielts-writing-task-1-flow-chart-essay.html

https://ielts-academic.com/2015/09/11/ielts-writing-task-1-map-diagram-with-sample-answer/

done to improve a property or an area which is rundown (old, damp, neglected)
describe an unusual building you have seen

(sport/ physical)
to train someone to do something
practice/ learn/ study/ work on my English
not an early riser/ I’m not a morning person
don’t put it off; put off taking the exam
put it off until October
a depressing city
Muscovites; Londoners; Parisians; New Yorkers
by hand
put on weight
junk food
unhealthy additives

leading to + noun
such as a total disaster - almost total disaster
is becoming a ubiquitous problem
suggest solutions (softer language is often good, you are not an expert!)
tend to + verb

buildings (see PDF)
more examples of ‘but for’ and ‘besides’

you allowed/ not allowed to do to it?
What kind of things do people do to alter or improve their apartments and houses?
What kind of things do people need to do to maintain their homes?

needs to be ……
……… needs -ing
……… have to ………