Phonetic aspect of oral communication

Июль 28, 2022

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Английский язык
Phonetic aspect of oral communication

Содержание

2. CONNECTED SPEECH Connected Speech is the key to gaining a natural, smooth-flowing style of speech. People
3. I went to the hotel and booked a room for two nights for my father and
4. What are the most important words? I went to the hotel and booked a room for
5. If we eliminate the other words can we still understand the message? went hotel booked room
6. Let’s look at the phrase transcribed: /aɪˈwent təðəhəʊ ˈtel ənˈbʊkt əˈru:m fəˈtu: ˈnaɪts fəmaɪˈfɑ:ðər ənhɪzˈbest ˈfrend/
7. There is a tendency for vowels in unstressed syllables to shift towards the schwa (central position)
8. Phonological processes in connected speech Assimilation Informal contractions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX9cNSisW8s&t=39s Reduction Elision https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSfHb4Qx2hc&t=57s Linking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuh6_d_pBaE&t=46s Weak forms
9. Weak form are commonly used words (form words) Prepositions Auxiliary verbs Conjunctions Articles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzkzA77RMzg
10. Weak=unstressed In the following sentences the underlined words are stressed and so would be pronounced using
11. Assimilation Definition: Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a consonant phoneme under the influence of
12. Assimilation A significant difference in natural connected speech is the way that consonant sounds belonging to
13. DIRECTIONS OF ASSIMILATION If a phoneme is affected by one than comes later in the sentence,
14. Regressive assimilation the sounds assimilated are influenced by the succeeding sounds /nju:z/ (news) → /nju:speipə/ (newspaper)
15. Progressive assimilation: the sounds assimilated are affected by the pronunciation of the preceding sounds. This is
16. Progressive assimilation Plural: students /-s/; books /-s/ girls /-z/; pictures /-z/ Possessive: students’ books /-s/ girls’
17. Types of assimilation
18. Assimilation according to Place of articulation The most common form involves the movement of place of
19. Assimilation according to place of articulation
20. Assimilation of place of articulation
21. Assimilation according to place of articulation
22. Assimilation according to place of articulation
25. Assimilation of manner Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant Note: /ð/ follow a plosive or nasal
26. ASSIMILATION according to work of vocal cords (voicing, devoicing) The vibration of the vocal folds is
27. Assimilation of voice eg: I like that black dog / ai laik ðæt blæk dɔg/ →
28. http://yandex.ru/video/search?p=1&filmId=dE42Ekr2UXI&text=what%20is%20connected%20speech&_=1444628442281&safety=1 connected specch http://yandex.ru/video/search?filmId=M5CXJqYfUXI&text=assimilation&_=1444628279887&safety=1 assimilation http://yandex.ru/video/search?p=2&filmId=voaV2i2DUXI&text=what%20is%20connected%20speech&_=1444628461318&safety=1 weak forms
29. Tasks for seminar 1. What is connected speech? 2. Weak forms. Examples. 3. Assimilation. Types of
30. Study examples. Explain type of assimilation 1- /t/ + /j/ = /tʃ/ (T+Y=CH) Nice to meet
31. Give examples to the following types of assimilation / t / changes to / p /
33. Скачать презентацию

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CONNECTED SPEECH
Connected Speech is the key to gaining a natural,

smooth-flowing style of speech.
People do not speak in separate words, they speak in logical connected groups of words.

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I went to the hotel and booked a room for two

nights for my father and his best friend.

Look at this phrase

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What are the most important words?
I went to the hotel and

booked a room for two nights for my father and his best friend.

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If we eliminate the other words can we still understand the

message?

went hotel booked room two nights father best friend.

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Let’s look at the phrase transcribed:
/aɪˈwent təðəhəʊ ˈtel ənˈbʊkt əˈru:m
fəˈtu:

ˈnaɪts fəmaɪˈfɑ:ðər ənhɪzˈbest ˈfrend/

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There is a tendency for vowels in unstressed syllables to shift

towards the schwa (central position)

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Phonological processes in connected speech Assimilation Informal contractions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX9cNSisW8s&t=39s Reduction Elision https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSfHb4Qx2hc&t=57s Linking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuh6_d_pBaE&t=46s Weak forms

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Weak form are commonly used words (form words)
Prepositions
Auxiliary verbs
Conjunctions
Articles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzkzA77RMzg

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Weak=unstressed
In the following sentences the underlined words are stressed

and so would be pronounced using the strong form:
I do like chocolate.
She drove to Las Vegas, not from Las Vegas.
We were surprised when she told us her secret.
(stress on ‘were’ for emphasis)

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Assimilation
Definition:
Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a consonant

phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds.
1. news /njuz/ but newspaper /njuspeipə/
2. This year / ði∫ jiə/
3. Want to / wɔnə/

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Assimilation
A significant difference in natural connected speech is the way that

consonant sounds belonging to one word can cause change in sounds belonging to neighbouring words.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekQLw1pLxCA

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DIRECTIONS OF ASSIMILATION
If a phoneme is affected by one than comes

later in the sentence, the assimilation is termed regressive.
If a phoneme is affected by one that came earlier in the utterance, the assimilation is termed as progressive.

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Regressive assimilation
the sounds assimilated are influenced by the succeeding sounds
/nju:z/ (news)

→ /nju:speipə/ (newspaper)
/gu:s/ (goose) → /gu:zbəri/ (gooseberry)
/faiv/ (five) → /faifpəns/ (five pence)
/hav/ (have) → /haf tu/ (have to)
/ju:zd/ (used) → /ju:st tu/ (used to)

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Progressive assimilation:
the sounds assimilated are affected by the pronunciation of

the preceding sounds.
This is often seen in the inflectional endings -s and –ed. I
f preceded by a voiced sound, they become voiced;
if preceded by a voiceless one, they become voiceless.

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Progressive assimilation
Plural: students /-s/; books /-s/ girls /-z/; pictures /-z/
Possessive: students’

books /-s/ girls’ pictures /-z/
3rd person singular: He writes /-s/; He speaks /-s/ She reads /-z/; She plays /-z/
Past tense and past participle: worked /-t/; laughed /-t/ learned /-d/; played /-d/

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Types of assimilation

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Assimilation according to Place of articulation
The most common form involves

the movement of place of articulation of the alveolar stops /t/, /d/ and /n/ to a position closer to that of the following sound.
For instance, in the phrase ten cars, the /n/ will usually be articulated in a velar position, so that the tongue will be ready to produce the following velar sound /k/.
Similarly, in ten boys the /n/ will be produced in a bilabial position, to prepare for the articulation of the bilabial /b/.

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Assimilation according to place of articulation

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Assimilation of place of articulation

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Assimilation according to place of articulation

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Assimilation according to place of articulation

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Assimilation of manner
Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant
Note: /ð/ follow a

plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word
Eg: get them /get ðəm/ → /gettəm/
in the /in ðə/ → /innə/

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ASSIMILATION according to work of vocal cords (voicing, devoicing)
The vibration

of the vocal folds is not something that can be switched on and off very swiftly, as a result groups of consonants tend to be either all voiced or all voiceless.
Consider the different endings of ‘books’, bags and ‘catches’

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Assimilation of voice

eg: I like that black dog
/ ai

laik ðæt blæk dɔg/
→ / ai laig ðæd blæg dɔg/

Only regressive assimilation of voice

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http://yandex.ru/video/search?p=1&filmId=dE42Ekr2UXI&text=what%20is%20connected%20speech&_=1444628442281&safety=1 connected specch
http://yandex.ru/video/search?filmId=M5CXJqYfUXI&text=assimilation&_=1444628279887&safety=1 assimilation
http://yandex.ru/video/search?p=2&filmId=voaV2i2DUXI&text=what%20is%20connected%20speech&_=1444628461318&safety=1 weak forms

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Tasks for seminar
1. What is connected speech?
2. Weak forms. Examples.
3. Assimilation.

Types of assimilation
4. Assimilation according to work of vocal cords.
5. Assimilation according to place of articulation.
6. Assimilation according to manner of articulation.

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Study examples. Explain type of assimilation
1- /t/ + /j/ =

/tʃ/ (T+Y=CH)
Nice to meet you arrow3 meet + you /mi:t ju:/ = /mi:tʃu:/
picture arrow31 /pɪktjʊə*/ → 2 /pɪktʃʊə*/ → 3 /pɪktʃə*/ (1= old fashioned pronunciation, 2= transitional pronunciation, 3= present pronunciation, the vowel /ʊ/ weakened and disappears)
2- /d/ + /j/ = /dʒ/ (D+Y=J)
would you like some tea? arrow3 would + you /wʊd ju:/ = /wʊdʒu:/
soldier arrow3 /səʊldjə*/ = /səʊldʒə*/
3- /s/ + /j/ = /ʃ/ (S+Y=SH)
special arrow3 /spesjəl/ = /speʃəl/
it's just you = it's jus' you arrow3 /dʒʌs ju:/ = /dʒʌʃu:/ (in conversational English "just" often loses its final T and it sounds "jus", so S + Y = SH)
4- /z/ + /j/ = /ʒ/
treasure arrow3 /trezjʊə*/ → 2 /treʒʊə*/ → 3 /treʒə*/ (1, 2, 3= see comments to the word "picture" above)

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Give examples to the following types of assimilation
/ t / changes

to / p / before / m / / b / or / p /
/ d / changes to / b / before / m / / b / or / p /
/ n / changes to / m / before / m / / b / or / p /
/ t / changes to / k / before / k / or /g/
/ d / changes to / g / before / k / or / g /
/ n / changes to /ŋ/ before / k / or / g /
/ s / changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/ or / j /
/ z / changes to /ʒ/ before /ʃ/ or / j /
/θ/ changes to / s / before / s /
Transcribe your examples and explain the processes.

Phonetic aspect of oral communication

Содержание

CONNECTED SPEECH Connected Speech is the key to gaining a natural,

I went to the hotel and booked a room for two

What are the most important words?I went to the hotel and

If we eliminate the other words can we still understand the

Let’s look at the phrase transcribed: /aɪˈwent təðəhəʊ ˈtel ənˈbʊkt əˈru:m fəˈtu:

There is a tendency for vowels in unstressed syllables to shift

Phonological processes in connected speech Assimilation Informal contractions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rX9cNSisW8s&t=39s Reduction Elision https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSfHb4Qx2hc&t=57s Linking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuh6_d_pBaE&t=46s Weak forms

Weak form are commonly used words (form words)PrepositionsAuxiliary verbsConjunctionsArticleshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzkzA77RMzg

Weak=unstressed In the following sentences the underlined words are stressed

Assimilation Definition: Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a consonant

AssimilationA significant difference in natural connected speech is the way that

DIRECTIONS OF ASSIMILATIONIf a phoneme is affected by one than comes

Regressive assimilationthe sounds assimilated are influenced by the succeeding sounds/nju:z/ (news)

Progressive assimilation: the sounds assimilated are affected by the pronunciation of

Progressive assimilationPlural: students /-s/; books /-s/ girls /-z/; pictures /-z/Possessive: students’

Types of assimilation

Assimilation according to Place of articulation The most common form involves

Assimilation according to place of articulation

Assimilation of place of articulation

Assimilation according to place of articulation

Assimilation according to place of articulation

Assimilation of mannerOnly regressive assimilation of alveolar consonantNote: /ð/ follow a

ASSIMILATION according to work of vocal cords (voicing, devoicing) The vibration

Assimilation of voice eg: I like that black dog / ai

Tasks for seminar1. What is connected speech?2. Weak forms. Examples.3. Assimilation.

Study examples. Explain type of assimilation 1- /t/ + /j/ =

Give examples to the following types of assimilation/ t / changes

Похожие презентации

CONNECTED SPEECH
Connected Speech is the key to gaining a natural,

What are the most important words?
I went to the hotel and

Let’s look at the phrase transcribed:
/aɪˈwent təðəhəʊ ˈtel ənˈbʊkt əˈru:m
fəˈtu:

Weak form are commonly used words (form words)
Prepositions
Auxiliary verbs
Conjunctions
Articles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzkzA77RMzg

Weak=unstressed
In the following sentences the underlined words are stressed

Assimilation
Definition:
Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a consonant

Assimilation
A significant difference in natural connected speech is the way that

DIRECTIONS OF ASSIMILATION
If a phoneme is affected by one than comes

Regressive assimilation
the sounds assimilated are influenced by the succeeding sounds
/nju:z/ (news)

Progressive assimilation:
the sounds assimilated are affected by the pronunciation of

Progressive assimilation
Plural: students /-s/; books /-s/ girls /-z/; pictures /-z/
Possessive: students’

Assimilation according to Place of articulation
The most common form involves

Assimilation of manner
Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant
Note: /ð/ follow a

ASSIMILATION according to work of vocal cords (voicing, devoicing)
The vibration

Assimilation of voice

eg: I like that black dog
/ ai

Tasks for seminar
1. What is connected speech?
2. Weak forms. Examples.
3. Assimilation.

Study examples. Explain type of assimilation
1- /t/ + /j/ =

Give examples to the following types of assimilation
/ t / changes