Verb category of mood

Август 8, 2022

Содержание

2. 8. Category of mood
3. the most controversial verbal category no universally accepted classification of moods: 16 (M. Deutschbein) no mood
4. cause: identical mood forms can express different meanings and different forms can express similar meanings
5. mood = the relation of the action expressed by the verb to reality from the speaker’s
6. + the direct (indicative) mood forms - the oblique mood forms The category of mood shows
7. Different classifications of the oblique mood types are based on formal criteria on functional criteria. all
8. SUBJUNCTIVE I expresses various attitudes of the speaker = the mood of attitudes, or the spective
9. SUBJUNCTIVE I The form of subjunctive I = bare infinitive: e.g.: Long live the king! Whatever
10. form = the past tense forms of the verbs in the indicative mood. is used mostly
11. = the form of the verb which denotes the consequence of an unreal condition in the
12. - is built with the help of modal verbs may/might + infinitive = wish, desire, hope,
13. 2. should + infinitive = supposition, suggestion, speculation, recommendation, inducements of various types and degrees of
14. 3. constructions with the verb to let expressing inducement, e.g.: Let’s agree to differ; Let him
15. subjunctive IV = = the modal spective mood subjunctive I = the pure spective.
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8. Category of mood

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the most controversial verbal category
no universally accepted classification of

moods:
16 (M. Deutschbein)
no mood at all (L. S. Barkhudarov).

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cause:
identical mood forms can express different meanings

and different forms can express similar meanings

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mood = the relation of the action expressed by the

verb to reality from the speaker’s point of view
it shows whether the action is real or unreal.

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+
the direct (indicative) mood forms
-
the oblique mood forms
The

category of mood

shows that the process is real
e.g.: She helped me;
She helps me;
She will help me

shows that the process is unreal
(hypothetical, possible or impossible, desired, etc.)
e.g.: If only she helped me!

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Different classifications of the oblique mood types are based
on

formal criteria
on functional criteria.
all the oblique mood types have the meaning of unreality,
? can be called subjunctive

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SUBJUNCTIVE I
expresses various attitudes of the speaker
= the mood of

attitudes, or the spective mood
(the Latin word for “attitude”).

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SUBJUNCTIVE I
The form of subjunctive I = bare infinitive:
e.g.:

Long live the king!
Whatever your mother say, I won’t give up;
I demand that the case be investigated thoroughly;
It is imperative there be no more delays in our plans.

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form = the past tense forms of the verbs in the

indicative mood.
is used mostly in the subordinate clauses of complex sentences with causal-conditional relations
generalized meaning = unreal condition:
cf.: She behaved as if she tried.
She behaved as she would behave if she tried.
It’s high time she tried to change the situation.
Subjunctive II =“conditional mood”

SUBJUNCTIVE II

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= the form of the verb which denotes the consequence of

an unreal condition in the principal part of the conditional sentences
form = analytical future in the past tense forms of verbs in the indicative mood
(If she tried), she would manage it;
Without you she wouldn’t manage it;
(Even if she tried), she wouldn’t manage it.

SUBJUNCTIVE III

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- is built with the help of modal verbs
may/might +

infinitive = wish, desire, hope, and supposition in some contexts (with the words “whatever, however, though”, etc.)
e.g.:I hoped he might come soon (cf.: I hoped that he come soon);
Whatever he might say I am not afraid of him (cf.: Whatever he say, I am not afraid of him);

SUBJUNCTIVE IV

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2. should + infinitive = supposition, suggestion, speculation, recommendation, inducements of

various types and degrees of intensity
e.g.: Whatever my mother should say about him, we’ll marry one day (cf. with subjunctive I: Whatever my mother say about him, we’ll marry one day);
It is obligatory that she should be present at the meeting (cf.: It is obligatory that she be present at the meeting).

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