Algae. Characteristics

Июль 25, 2022

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Algae. Characteristics

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2. Characteristics Eukaryotic Mostly Photosynthetic (Photoautotrophs) Require Moisture Microscopic and Macroscopic Accessory Pigments Give Color Lack Vascular
3. Red Algae Rhodophyta Extremely Old / > 2 Billion Years 4000 Species Tropical and Warm Waters
4. Red algae , pigment phycoerythrin reflecting red light and absorbing blue light Blue light penetration of
5. Gelidium amansii Reef-building rhodophytes , coralline algae, secreting a hard shell of carbonate around themselves, in
6. Ability to secrete calcium carbonate, calcareous red algae, better fossil record than other of algal protists
7. Giant clam encrusted with coralline red algae
8. Agar Comes from Red Algae
9. Agar - thermally reversible gels at low temperatures - medicine - bacteriology and mycology - stabilizer
10. Nori is a red algae that serves as a source of food. High vitamin and protein
11. Diatoms Largest Group / Recent Group Phylum Baciollariophya Cool Marine Environments Food Chains / Phytoplankton Silica
12. Largest Group of Algae Fairly Recent Group: Very Important in Food Chains as Phytoplankton.
13. Diatomaceous Earth is a non-toxic, safe substance made up from crushed fossils of freshwater organisms and
14. Diatoms are found in Cool Marine Oceans. They are composed of beautiful Silica Shells that allow
15. Centrate Diatoms are Usually Found in Marine Environments
16. Reproduction is Asexual for Several Generations and then Sexual for Genetic Variation.
17. Diatoms are often found with Desmids. Desmids are single-celled green algae which can only be found
19. Brown Algae Related to Diatoms Rocky Coasts in Temperate Zones Cold Open Seas Multicellular Only Brown
20. Young Group Closely Related to Diatoms Found in Rocky Coasts in Temperate Zones or Open Cold
21. Multicellular Algae Attain Great Size – 180 Feet Growing 2 Foot/Day Cell Walls are Cellulose and
22. Kelp bed located near Monterey, California
23. Structure of Kelp Kelp are the only Algae known to have internal tissue differentiation into conducting
24. Regardless of the type of picture provided, you should be able to label each of the
28. They may be small, but sea otters play a big ecological role in the North Pacific.
29. Laminaria Laminaria is an herbal medicine used to induce labor and abortion. The dried stem of
31. Alginic Acid An insoluble colloidal acid in the form of a polysaccharide that is abundant in
32. Alginic Acid Alginates are also used as a thickening paste for colors in printing textiles, as
33. Dinoflagellates Warm Tropical Oceans Unicellular / Green or Colorless / Biflagellate Unusual Nucleus Bioluminescent Asexual Reproduction
34. Important in Food Chains in Warm Tropical Oceans Green (Green Shades) and Colorless Forms Biflagellate
35. Chromosomes are Always Visible Divers out for a night dive can sometimes see each other just
36. As large as 2 mm or microscopic
37. Reproduction is typically asexual accomplished by splitting of the body and new individuals remain for some
38. Photosynthetic Food Source Forms Parasites on Fish and Some Protists
39. Like other phytoplankton, Dinoflagellates go through bloom cycles when they are highly abundant and these blooms
41. Red Tide Off Coast of California
43. Pfiesteria piscicida It seems extreme to name a dinoflagellate species piscicida, or fish killer, but P.
44. This species has been implicated in a large fraction of sudden fish kills in North Carolina
46. Green Algae Second Largest Group Most Diverse Very Old Freshwater / Moist Soil Sea Lettuce Single
47. Second Largest Group of Algae. Most Diverse of all Algae Found in Freshwater and on Land
48. Almost as Old as Red Algae
49. Variety of Forms Including Single Cells, Filaments, Colonies, and Leaf-like Thalli
50. Can Store Starch Much in the Same Way as Plants and also may have Cellulose in
51. Scientists Conclude that Higher Terrestrial Plants Arose from a Green Algal Ancestor. Sea Lettuce is a
52. Spirogyra (Freshwater Species)
53. Conjugation Tubes are a Means of Sexual Reproduction.
54. Algae are simple plant organisms found in all wet environments. They range in size from microscopic
55. Volvox
56. Daughter Cells Visible Inside Volvox
57. These are spherical colonies of green cells clinging to a semi-transparent hollow ball of mucilage. A
58. A single Volvox colony spins through the dark waters of a pond. Daughter cells are just
59. Other Algae
60. Anabaena with Heterocyst Phylum Cyanobacteria
61. Sordaria Perithecium
62. Sordaria Ascus with Ascospores
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Characteristics
Eukaryotic
Mostly Photosynthetic (Photoautotrophs)
Require Moisture
Microscopic and Macroscopic
Accessory Pigments Give Color
Lack Vascular Tissue
Sexual

and Asexual Reproduction

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Red Algae Rhodophyta
Extremely Old / > 2 Billion Years
4000 Species
Tropical and

Warm Waters
No Flagella
Phycoerythrin
Irish Moss (Chondrus crispus)
Nori (Pyropia yezoensis, P. tenera)
Coralline Algae (Corallinales)

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Red algae , pigment phycoerythrin reflecting red light and absorbing blue

light
Blue light penetration of water, to a greater depth than light of longer wavelengths
Phycoerythrin , red algae to photosynthesize and live at somewhat greater depths

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Gelidium amansii
Reef-building rhodophytes , coralline algae, secreting a hard shell of

carbonate around themselves, in much the same way that corals

Corallinales

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Ability to secrete calcium carbonate, calcareous red algae, better fossil record

than other of algal protists
Most limestone deposits of reef origin, skeletons of coralline algae, association with petroleum deposits

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Giant clam encrusted with coralline red algae

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Agar Comes from Red Algae

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Agar
- thermally reversible gels at low temperatures
- medicine
- bacteriology and mycology

- stabilizer for emulsions,
- cosmetic industry
- photographic film,
- shoe polish,
- shaving soaps, hand lotions,
- tanning industry
- confectionery

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Nori is a red algae that serves as a source of

food.
High vitamin and protein content.
Common in Japan

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Diatoms
Largest Group / Recent Group
Phylum Baciollariophya
Cool Marine Environments
Food Chains / Phytoplankton
Silica

Shells or Frustules
Asexual and Sexual
Diatomaceous Earth
Centrate / Pennate

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Largest Group of Algae
Fairly Recent Group: Very Important in Food Chains

as Phytoplankton.

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Diatomaceous Earth is a non-toxic, safe substance made up from crushed

fossils of freshwater organisms and marine life. Crushed to a fine powder and observed through a microscope, the particles resemble bits of broken glass. Deadly to any insect and completely harmless to animals, fish, fowl or food.

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Diatoms are found in Cool Marine Oceans.
They are composed of beautiful

Silica Shells that allow them to sparkle and shine upon viewing.
Pictured is a Pennate Freshwater Diatom

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Centrate Diatoms are Usually Found in Marine Environments

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Reproduction is Asexual for Several Generations and then Sexual for Genetic

Variation.

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Diatoms are often found with Desmids. Desmids are single-celled green algae

which can only be found in fresh water

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Brown Algae
Related to Diatoms
Rocky Coasts in Temperate Zones
Cold Open Seas
Multicellular Only
Brown

/ Fucoxanthin
Laminaria / Sargassum
Alginic Acid / Iodine
Phylum Phaeophyta

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Young Group Closely Related to Diatoms
Found in Rocky Coasts in Temperate

Zones or Open Cold Seas

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Multicellular Algae
Attain Great Size – 180 Feet Growing 2 Foot/Day
Cell Walls

are Cellulose and Algenic Acid

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Kelp bed located near Monterey, California

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Structure of Kelp
Kelp are the only Algae known to have internal

tissue differentiation into conducting tissue.

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Regardless of the type of picture provided, you should be able

to label each of the following:
Blade
Holdfast
Air Bladder
Stipe.

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They may be small, but sea otters play a big ecological

role in the North Pacific. Sea otters feed on urchins, which in turn consume kelp. Without otters, sea urchins destroy kelp forests that provide vital habitat for many marine organisms.

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Laminaria
Laminaria is an herbal medicine used to induce labor and

abortion. The dried stem of Laminaria mechanically dilates the cervical opening by absorbing water and swelling to several times its original diameter. Laminaria is a marine algae which provides a good source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. It only contains small amounts of fat.

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Alginic Acid
An insoluble colloidal acid in the form of a polysaccharide

that is abundant in the cell walls of brown algae.
Used in jam, jellies and marmalades and other similar fruit spreads including low-calorie products
An ingredient in antacid preparations.

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Alginic Acid
Alginates are also used as a thickening paste for colors

in printing textiles, as a hardener and thickener for joining threads in weaving; the alginates may subsequently be dissolved away, giving special effects to the material. Other uses include glazing and sizing paper, special printers' inks, paints, cosmetics, insecticides, and pharmaceutical preparations.
In the USA alginates are frequently used as stabilizers in ice cream, giving a smooth texture and body, and also as a suspending agent in milk shakes.

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Dinoflagellates
Warm Tropical Oceans
Unicellular / Green or Colorless / Biflagellate
Unusual Nucleus
Bioluminescent
Asexual Reproduction
Food

Sources / Parasitic
Red Tide / Ciguatera
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

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Important in Food Chains in Warm Tropical Oceans
Green (Green Shades) and

Colorless Forms
Biflagellate

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Chromosomes are Always Visible
Divers out for a night dive can sometimes

see each other just by the ghostly glowing outline of the bioluminescent phytoplankton. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates have even made boats visible against the darkness!

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As large as 2 mm or microscopic

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Reproduction is typically asexual accomplished by splitting of the body and

new individuals remain for some time attached to the first one as shown in the picture.

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Photosynthetic Food Source
Forms Parasites on Fish and Some Protists

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Like other phytoplankton, Dinoflagellates go through bloom cycles when they are

highly abundant and these blooms can be toxic (commonly called red tides).

Red tide - a discoloration of sea water
caused by an explosive growth in phytoplankton density:
sometimes toxic to fish life and, through accumulation
in shellfish, to humans

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Red Tide Off Coast of California

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Pfiesteria piscicida
It seems extreme to name a dinoflagellate species piscicida,

or fish killer, but P. piscicida produces a toxin that does in fact kill fish.
This organism is heterotrophic and, once the toxin has attacked the surface of the fish, it feeds on the disaggregated and decomposing fish carcass.

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$This species has been implicated in a large fraction of sudden$

This species has been implicated in a large fraction of sudden

fish kills in North Carolina estuarine waters in recent years, particularly in Pamlico Sound, which is the second largest estuary on the east coast of the United States.
Toxic algal blooms are on the rise throughout the world in recent years

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Green Algae
Second Largest Group
Most Diverse
Very Old
Freshwater / Moist Soil
Sea Lettuce
Single Cells

/ Filaments / Colonies / Thalli
Source of Oxygen / Food Chain
Volvox, Spirogyra
Freshwater / Volvox, Spirogyra
Marine / Sea Lettuce

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Second Largest Group of Algae.
Most Diverse of all Algae
Found in Freshwater

and on Land

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Almost as Old as Red Algae

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Variety of Forms Including Single Cells, Filaments, Colonies, and Leaf-like Thalli

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Can Store Starch Much in the Same Way as Plants and

also may have Cellulose in Cell Walls

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Scientists Conclude that Higher Terrestrial Plants Arose from a Green Algal

Ancestor.
Sea Lettuce is a Marine Species that Lives in Salt Water along the Coast. It forms in Sheets and Often Obscures the Bottom.

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Spirogyra (Freshwater Species)

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Conjugation Tubes are a Means of Sexual Reproduction.

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Algae are simple plant organisms found in all wet environments.
They

range in size from microscopic forms to the simple macroscopic forms of 'pondweeds', and the large seaweeds.
All are interesting to study but microbiologists generally agree that one of the most beautiful to behold is Volvox.

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Volvox

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Daughter Cells Visible Inside Volvox

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These are spherical colonies of green cells clinging to a semi-transparent

hollow ball of mucilage. A single colony may consist of over 500 cells, each one with a tiny pair of whip-like tails (flagella) - and all cells undulating their flagella in unison, propelling the colony through the water.

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