Selection of animals, plants and microorganisms. Genetic engineering and Biotechnology

Июль 22, 2022

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Биология
Selection of animals, plants and microorganisms. Genetic engineering and Biotechnology

Содержание

2. SELECTION Selection (selectio - choose) - the science of creating new and improving existing breeds of
3. Selection of plants The main methods of selection in selection of plants are selection and hybridization
4. There are 3 modes of breeding in plants: - Inbreeding - Outbreeding Inbreeding – the breeding
5. Outbreeding - getting progeny from manufacturers that are not related genetically The aim is to create
6. Basic principles of breeding animals do not differ from the principles of plant breeding However, the
7. The best (human needed) characteristics of domestic animals are: - milk yield - milk fat -
8. Modes of breeding in animals There are 2 ways of breeding in animal selection: - inbreeding
10. Modes of breeding in animals In domestic animals, the phenomenon of heterosis is seen Hybrids of
11. Selection of microorganisms Modern methods of microorganisms selection studies the opportunities of producing economically important substances
12. Biotechnology Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products,
13. The aim of biotechnology is to increase the production of proteins, aminoacids, vitamins and antibiotics by
14. The genetic engineering is one of the branch of biotechnology The process of manipulating genes for
15. Genetically Engineered Medicines
16. Genetic engineering in animals To produce animals with much milk, meat, wool and etc Resistant to
18. Esthetics
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SELECTION
Selection (selectio - choose) - the science of creating new and

improving existing breeds of animals, plant varieties, strains of microorganisms
Selection is also called a branch of agriculture, which bred new varieties and hybrids of crops and breeds of animals

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Selection of plants
The main methods of selection in selection of plants

are selection and hybridization
Hybridization (breeding) – the desired traits of parent plants are crossed and seen in offspring

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There are 3 modes of breeding in plants:
- Inbreeding
- Outbreeding
Inbreeding –

the breeding of genetically closely related plants.
This brings to desired traits of plant (AA), but after some generations it can bring to recessive homozygote trait (aa).

Modes of breeding in plants

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Outbreeding - getting progeny from manufacturers that are not related genetically
The

aim is to create offspring in which viability, productivity is higher and higher resistance to unfavorable conditions
Offspring from such crosses are called hybrids, and they exceed the number of features both parental forms - a phenomenon called heterosis

Modes of breeding in plants

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Basic principles of breeding animals do not differ from the principles

of plant breeding
However, the selection of animals has some features:
- they are characterized by sexual reproduction only
- mostly very rare generational change (in most animals in a few years)
- the number of individuals in the offspring is small

Selection of animals

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The best (human needed) characteristics of domestic animals are:
- milk yield
-

milk fat
- meat quality
- quality of wool
- egg-laying qualities

Selection of animals

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Modes of breeding in animals
There are 2 ways of breeding in

animal selection:
- inbreeding
- outbreeding
Outbreeding - unrelated cross between individuals of the same species or different species of animals, with a further strict selection leads to the maintenance of useful skills and to strengthen them in a number of next generation

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Modes of breeding in animals
In domestic animals, the phenomenon of heterosis

is seen
Hybrids of the first generation are stronger and more viable
For example, a mule - a hybrid of a mare and a donkey
This is a strong, hardy animal that can be used in much more difficult circumstances than the parent form

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Selection of microorganisms
Modern methods of microorganisms selection studies the opportunities of

producing economically important substances - organic acids, drugs and protein

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Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or

make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems or living organisms to make products or processes for specific use

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The aim of biotechnology is to increase the production of proteins,

aminoacids, vitamins and antibiotics by microorganisms
The microorganisms are also used in cleaning of environment from wastes, making in biodiesel from plants

Biotechnology

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The genetic engineering is one of the branch of biotechnology
The process

of manipulating genes for practical purposes is called genetic engineering
Genetic engineering involves building recombinant DNA—DNA made from two or more different organisms

Genetic Engineering

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