Семиотический поворот в биологии и биологический поворот в семиотике

Август 10, 2022

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Семиотический поворот в биологии и биологический поворот в семиотике

Содержание

2. предвременная биосемиотика Kalevi Kull Тартуский университет Отдел семиотики kalevi@ut.ee
3. 1992 – 2008 semiotics physics
4. Semiosis = sign process (C. S. Peirce) = interpretation = translation = life process (biosemiotic program)
6. Sebeok’s Thesis “All, and only, living entities incorporate a species-specific model (umwelt) of their universe; signify;
7. Minimum systems in which meaning arises Complementary models of semiosis Jakob v. Uexküll Juri Lotman
9. Semioses create umwelten Jakob von Uexküll 1864–1944
10. Juri Lotman 1922–1993 .. and semiosphere Meaningful communication assumes non-translatability
11. Semiotic threshold Umberto Eco 1976 Lower semiotic threshold (border of life) Indexical threshold (border of animal)
12. Aristoteles – De anima Thomas Aquinas, etc. anima vegetativa anima sensitiva anima rationalis (intellectiva)
13. semiosphere – sphere of life F. S. Rothschild 1962 - biosemiotic T. Sebeok 1963 - zoosemiotic
14. Autocatalysis A + R → B B → A + A Autocell autocatalysis + self-assembly autoreproductive
15. Semiosis is … conveyance of relations inheritance of needs (need is a recognition of absence) what
16. What are the principal types of sign systems in the realm of life? Which are the
17. Towards a theoretical biology 1968–1972 Towards complexity science Stuart Kauffman, Michael Arbib Rene Thom Towards biosemiotics
18. Simple social phenomena and categorization as a result of iconic semiosis Biological species Tissues Organic form
19. Indexical semiosis associative learning indexical relations create spatial umwelten
20. 1997 Symbolic threshold – symbolic semiosis
21. animal symbolicum – Ernst Cassirer signifying animal – Irmengard Rauch & Gerald Carr semiotic animal –
22. Vegetatative semiosis is based on the ability to recognize, or iconicity. [quality] pure recognition, nonspatial umwelt
23. Biosemiotics is a study of (translation of) non-symbolic texts non-temporal umwelten non-propositional discourse
24. First, by publishing and teaching as much as possible; and, equally important, by doing one’s best
25. :-) :-)
26. Semiotics is: Study of signs and sign systems and sign processes or semioses Study of meaningful
27. semiotics Medical John Locke Husserl, Frege, Peirce Saussure
28. Problems Roland Posner (Presidental address in Semiotics Congress, 2000): Semiotics is the physics of the XXI
29. John Locke Chapter XXI Of the Division of the Sciences ‑1. Science may be divided into
30. ‑2. Physica. First, The knowledge of things, as they are in their own proper beings, their
31. ‑4. Semeiotike. Thirdly, the third branch may be called Semeiotike, or the doctrine of signs; the
32. ‑5. This is the first and most general division of the objects of our understanding. This
33. Deely, John 2001. Four Ages of Understanding. Toronto: Toronto University Press. I Greek – semiotics and
34. The end of modernism John Deely (2001). Four Ages of Understanding. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
35. The ending of modernism in physics Quantum physics – the role of observer N. Bohr’s complementarity
36. The ending of modernism in biology Rosen, R.; Pattee, H. H.; Somorjai, R. L. 1979. A
37. Physical versus Semiotic Φ-sciences v. Σ-sciences All qualitative is in its last end reducable to quantitative.
38. Φ-sciences v. Σ-sciences [1]
39. Φ-sciences v. Σ-sciences
40. Mathematics & idealizations Louis H. Kauffman – The one and the many. Cybernetics and Human Knowing
41. singletons A set with single element Element L Singleton set {L}
42. Principle of collection – any sets that already exist can be selected as members of a
43. Semiotic world – singletons are distinct from their members Physical world – the difference between singleton
46. Physical approach (law-based) Non-living realm (faultless) Semiotic approach (code-based) Living realm (erroneous)
47. Branches of semiotics Semiotics of culture Biosemiotics
48. The fourth Age: Co-existence of science and semiotics The world is locally plural
50. Скачать презентацию

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предвременная биосемиотика
Kalevi Kull
Тартуский университет
Отдел семиотики
kalevi@ut.ee

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1992 – 2008
semiotics
physics

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Semiosis
= sign process (C. S. Peirce)
= interpretation = translation
=

life process (biosemiotic program)
Sebeok’s Thesis
life and semiosis are coextensive

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Sebeok’s Thesis
“All, and only, living entities incorporate a species-specific model

(umwelt) of their universe; signify; and communicate by […] signs” (Sebeok 1996: 102).
“Because there can be no semiosis without interpretability – surely life’s cardinal propensity – semiosis presupposes the axiomatic identity of the semiosphere with the biosphere” (Sebeok 2001: 68).

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Minimum systems in which meaning arises
Complementary models of semiosis
Jakob v.

Uexküll
Juri Lotman

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Semioses create umwelten
Jakob von Uexküll 1864–1944

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Juri Lotman 1922–1993
.. and semiosphere
Meaningful communication assumes non-translatability

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Semiotic threshold
Umberto Eco 1976
Lower semiotic threshold (border of life)
Indexical threshold

(border of animal)
Symbolic threshold (border of culture & language)

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Aristoteles – De anima Thomas Aquinas, etc.
anima vegetativa
anima sensitiva
anima rationalis (intellectiva)

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semiosphere – sphere of life
F. S. Rothschild 1962 - biosemiotic
T. Sebeok

1963 - zoosemiotic
M. Krampen 1981 - phytosemiotic
Borders of human
Borders of animal
Borders of plant ...

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Autocatalysis A + R → B B → A + A
Autocell
autocatalysis + self-assembly
autoreproductive

systems – without semiosis

Semiosis requires codes

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Semiosis is …
conveyance of relations
inheritance of needs
(need is a recognition

of absence)
what makes a difference
(Bateson’s ‘difference that makes a difference’)
responsible for qualitative diversity

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What are the principal types of sign systems in the realm

of life?
Which are the main types of umwelt?
Who owns a space?
Who owns a time?
What are the mechanisms of stability in semiotic systems?

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Towards a theoretical biology 1968–1972
Towards complexity science
Stuart Kauffman,
Michael Arbib
Rene Thom
Towards

biosemiotics
Brian Goodwin
Howard Pattee
Conrad Hal Waddington
From stereochemistry to code
Code as a part of of the mechanism of agency, and semiosis
Cell as a system that has needs (semiosis — intentions)
A need = recognition of absence

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Simple social phenomena and categorization as a result of iconic semiosis
Biological

species
Tissues
Organic form
Organism as a swarm
Herds
Flocks
Families

Recognition concept of species (H. Paterson)
Perceptual categorization
Once communication is introduced, the discretization follows

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Indexical semiosis
associative learning
indexical relations
create spatial umwelten

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1997
Symbolic threshold – symbolic semiosis

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animal symbolicum – Ernst Cassirer
signifying animal – Irmengard Rauch &

Gerald Carr
semiotic animal – John Deely & Susan Petrilli & Augusto Ponzio

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Vegetatative semiosis is based on the ability to recognize, or iconicity.

[quality]
pure recognition, nonspatial umwelt
Animal semiosis is based on the ability to associate signs, or indexicality. [action of opposition]
spatial umwelt, orientation
Propositional semiosis is based on the ability to combine signs freely, or symbolicity. [synthetic thought]
temporal umwelt, language, narratives

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Biosemiotics is a study of (translation of)
non-symbolic texts
non-temporal umwelten
non-propositional discourse

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First, by publishing and teaching as much as possible; and, equally

important, by doing one’s best to facilitate the success of one’s colleagues in these respects. These are the only things I have ever wanted to do in my academic life.
[1991]

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:-)
:-)

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Semiotics is:
Study of signs and sign systems and sign processes or

semioses
Study of meaningful communication
Study of qualitative diversity
Knowing of knowing

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semiotics
Medical
John Locke
Husserl, Frege, Peirce
Saussure

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Problems
Roland Posner (Presidental address in Semiotics Congress, 2000): Semiotics is the physics

of the XXI century
Robert Rosen (Life Itself, 1999: 105): Life poses the most serious kinds of challenges to physics itself.
John Locke (An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690): Science may be divided into three sorts.

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John Locke
Chapter XXI Of the Division of the Sciences
‑1. Science may be

divided into three sorts. All that can fall within the compass of human understanding, being either, First, the nature of things, as they are in themselves, their relations, and their manner of operation: or, Secondly, that which man himself ought to do, as a rational and voluntary agent, for the attainment of any end, especially happiness: or, Thirdly, the ways and means whereby the knowledge of both the one and the other of these is attained and communicated; I think science may be divided properly into these three sorts:--

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‑2. Physica. First, The knowledge of things, as they are in

their own proper beings, their constitution, properties, and operations; whereby I mean not only matter and body, but spirits also, which have their proper natures, constitutions, and operations, as well as bodies. This, in a little more enlarged sense of the word, I call Phusike, or natural philosophy. The end of this is bare speculative truth: and whatsoever can afford the mind of man any such, falls under this branch, whether it be God himself, angels, spirits, bodies; or any of their affections, as number, and figure, &c.
‑3. Practica. Secondly, Praktike, The skill of right applying our own powers and actions, for the attainment of things good and useful. The most considerable under this head is ethics, which is the seeking out those rules and measures of human actions, which lead to happiness, and the means to practise them. The end of this is not bare speculation and the knowledge of truth; but right, and a conduct suitable to it.

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‑4. Semeiotike. Thirdly, the third branch may be called Semeiotike, or

the doctrine of signs; the most usual whereof being words, it is aptly enough termed also Logike, logic: the business whereof is to consider the nature of signs, the mind makes use of for the understanding of things, or conveying its knowledge to others. For, since the things the mind contemplates are none of them, besides itself, present to the understanding, it is necessary that something else, as a sign or representation of the thing it considers, should be present to it: and these are ideas. And because the scene of ideas that makes one man's thoughts cannot be laid open to the immediate view of another, nor laid up anywhere but in the memory, a no very sure repository: therefore to communicate our thoughts to one another, as well as record them for our own use, signs of our ideas are also necessary: those which men have found most convenient, and therefore generally make use of, are articulate sounds. The consideration, then, of ideas and words as the great instruments of knowledge, makes no despicable part of their contemplation who would take a view of human knowledge in the whole extent of it. And perhaps if they were distinctly weighed, and duly considered, they would afford us another sort of logic and critic, than what we have been hitherto acquainted with.

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‑5. This is the first and most general division of the

objects of our understanding. This seems to me the first and most general, as well as natural division of the objects of our understanding. For a man can employ his thoughts about nothing, but either, the contemplation of things themselves, for the discovery of truth; or about the things in his own power, which are his own actions, for the attainment of his own ends; or the signs the mind makes use of both in the one and the other, and the right ordering of them, for its clearer information. All which three, viz, things, as they are in themselves knowable; actions as they depend on us, in order to happiness; and the right use of signs in order to knowledge, being toto coelo different, they seemed to me to be the three great provinces of the intellectual world, wholly separate and distinct one from another.
THE END

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Deely, John 2001. Four Ages of Understanding. Toronto: Toronto University Press.
I

Greek – semiotics and science not distinguished
II Latin – semiotics without science
III Modern – science without semiotics
IV Post-modern – science with semiotics

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The end of modernism
John Deely (2001). Four Ages of Understanding. Toronto:

University of Toronto Press.
John Deely (2005). Basics of Semiotics. 4th ed. Tartu: Tartu University Press.
Greek – Latin – Modern – Postmodern
Modern: sociobiology, semiology, Saussure
Ultramodern: Derrida
Postmodern: semiotics, Peirce, Uexküll, ecophilosophy

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The ending of modernism in physics
Quantum physics – the role of

observer
N. Bohr’s complementarity principle
J. Horgan (1996). The End of Science.
H. J. Pirner (2002). The semiotics of “postmodern” physics. In: M.Ferrari & I.-O.Stamatescu (eds.), Symbol and Physical Knowledge. Berlin: Springer, 211-229.
Interdisciplinarity

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The ending of modernism in biology
Rosen, R.; Pattee, H. H.; Somorjai,

R. L. 1979. A symposium in theoretical biology. In: Buckley, Paul; Peat, F. David (eds.), A Question of Physics: Conversations in Physics and Biology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 84–123.
“What is important in biology is not how we see the systems which are interacting, but how they see each other.” (Rosen et al. 1979: 87)
where the partition between “system” and observer is drawn is entirely arbitrary. (Rosen 1999: 86)
Ecological web (of mind):
our self would include our umwelt, our ecosystem.

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Physical versus Semiotic Φ-sciences v. Σ-sciences
All qualitative is in its last end

reducable to quantitative. Science means measuring. Physical space is commensurable.

Quantitative methods are supplementary, to find out the qualitative differences. Semiotic space (semiosphere) is incommensurable.

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Φ-sciences v. Σ-sciences
[1]

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Φ-sciences v. Σ-sciences

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Mathematics & idealizations
Louis H. Kauffman – The one and the many.
Cybernetics

and Human Knowing 12: 159-167.

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singletons
A set with single element
Element L
Singleton set {L}

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Principle of collection – any sets that already exist can be

selected as members of a new set that is created from them

L
{L}
{{L}}
{{{L}}}
...
{L, {L}}
{L, {L}, {L, {L}}
...

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Semiotic world – singletons are distinct from their members
Physical world –

the difference between singleton and its element collapses
Note. Mathematical world is semiotic – the world of relations and possibilities. This creates a permanent tension between mathematical description and purely physical world.

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Physical approach (law-based)
Non-living realm
(faultless)
Semiotic approach
(code-based)
Living realm
(erroneous)

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Branches of semiotics
Semiotics of culture
Biosemiotics

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Семиотический поворот в биологии и биологический поворот в семиотике

Содержание

предвременная биосемиотикаKalevi KullТартуский университетОтдел семиотикиkalevi@ut.ee

1992 – 2008semioticsphysics

Semiosis = sign process (C. S. Peirce) = interpretation = translation =

Sebeok’s Thesis “All, and only, living entities incorporate a species-specific model

Minimum systems in which meaning arisesComplementary models of semiosis Jakob v.

Semioses create umweltenJakob von Uexküll 1864–1944

Juri Lotman 1922–1993 .. and semiosphereMeaningful communication assumes non-translatability

Semiotic threshold Umberto Eco 1976Lower semiotic threshold (border of life) Indexical threshold

Aristoteles – De anima Thomas Aquinas, etc.anima vegetativaanima sensitivaanima rationalis (intellectiva)

semiosphere – sphere of life F. S. Rothschild 1962 - biosemioticT. Sebeok

Autocatalysis A + R → B B → A + AAutocellautocatalysis + self-assemblyautoreproductive

Semiosis is …conveyance of relationsinheritance of needs (need is a recognition

What are the principal types of sign systems in the realm

Towards a theoretical biology 1968–1972Towards complexity scienceStuart Kauffman, Michael ArbibRene ThomTowards

Simple social phenomena and categorization as a result of iconic semiosisBiological

Indexical semiosisassociative learningindexical relationscreate spatial umwelten

1997Symbolic threshold – symbolic semiosis

animal symbolicum – Ernst Cassirer signifying animal – Irmengard Rauch &

Vegetatative semiosis is based on the ability to recognize, or iconicity.

Biosemiotics is a study of (translation of) non-symbolic texts non-temporal umwelten non-propositional discourse

First, by publishing and teaching as much as possible; and, equally

:-):-)

Semiotics is:Study of signs and sign systems and sign processes or

semioticsMedicalJohn LockeHusserl, Frege, PeirceSaussure

ProblemsRoland Posner (Presidental address in Semiotics Congress, 2000): Semiotics is the physics

John LockeChapter XXI Of the Division of the Sciences‑1. Science may be