Consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior

Содержание

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Learning Goals Learn the consumer market and construct model of consumer

Learning Goals

Learn the consumer market and construct model of consumer buyer

behavior
Know the four factors that influence buyer behavior
Understand the types of buying decision behavior and stages in the process
Comprehend the adoption and diffusion process for new products
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Case Study Harley Davidson Building Success Understanding the customers’ emotions and

Case Study Harley Davidson

Building Success
Understanding the customers’ emotions and motivation
Determining the factors

of loyalty
Translating this information to effective advertising

Measuring Success
Currently 22% of all U.S. bike sales
Demand above supply
Sales doubled in the past 5 years with earnings tripled.

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Definitions Consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final

Definitions

Consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumers

– individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption
All of these final consumers combine to make up the consumer market

Goal 1: Learn the consumer market & construct model of buyer behavior

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Stimulus-Response Model of Consumer Behavior Stimuli 4P’s Other characteristics economic technological

Stimulus-Response Model of Consumer Behavior

Stimuli
4P’s
Other characteristics
economic
technological
political
cultural

Buyer Response
Product

choice
Brand choice
Dealer choice
Purchase timing
Purchase amount

Buyer’s Black Box
Buyer characteristics
Buyer decision process

Goal 1: Learn the consumer market & construct model of buyer behavior

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Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior Culture Forms a person’s wants and behavior

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Culture
Forms a person’s wants and behavior
Subculture
Groups with shared

value systems
Social Class
Society’s divisions who share values, interests and behaviors

Cultural
Social
Personal
Psychological

Key Factors

Goal 2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior

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Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior Groups Membership Reference Aspirational Opinion Leaders Buzz

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Groups
Membership
Reference
Aspirational
Opinion Leaders
Buzz marketing
Family
Many influencers
Roles and Status

Cultural
Social
Personal
Psychological

Key Factors

Goal 2:

Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior
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Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior Age and life cycle Occupation Economic situation

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Age and life cycle
Occupation
Economic situation
Lifestyle
Activities, interests and opinions
Lifestyle

segmentation
Personality and self-concept

Cultural
Social
Personal
Psychological

Key Factors

Goal 2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior

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Brand Personality Dimensions Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior Sincerity Ruggedness Excitement Competence

Brand Personality Dimensions

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Sincerity
Ruggedness

Excitement
Competence

Sophistication

Goal

2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior
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Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior Motivation Perception Learning Beliefs and attitudes Cultural

Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

Motivation
Perception
Learning
Beliefs and attitudes

Cultural
Social
Personal
Psychological

Key Factors

Goal 2: Know the four

factors that influence consumer buying behavior
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Psychological Factors Motivation A motive is a need that is sufficiently

Psychological Factors Motivation

A motive is a need that is sufficiently pressing to

direct the person to seek satisfaction
Motivation research is based on Freud; Looks for hidden and subconscious motivation
Maslow ordered needs based on how pressing they are to the consumer

Goal 2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior

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Psychological Factors Perception Perception is the process by which people select,

Psychological Factors Perception

Perception is the process by which people select, organize,

and interpret information
Perception Includes:
Selective attention
Consumers screen out information
Selective distortion
People interpret to support beliefs
Selective retention
People retain points to support attitudes

Goal 2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior

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Psychological Factors Learning Learning describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising

Psychological Factors Learning

Learning describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising from

experience
Learning occurs through:
Drives
Internal stimulus that calls for action
Stimuli
Objects that move drive to motive
Cues
Minor stimuli that affect response
Reinforcement
Feedback on action

Goal 2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior

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Psychological Factors Beliefs and Attitudes Belief a descriptive thought about a

Psychological Factors Beliefs and Attitudes

Belief
a descriptive thought about a brand

or service
may be based on real knowledge, opinion, or faith
Attitude
describes a person’s evaluations, feelings and tendencies toward an object or idea
They are difficult to change

Goal 2: Know the four factors that influence consumer buying behavior

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Types of Buying Decision Behavior Complex Highly involved, significant brand differences

Types of Buying Decision Behavior

Complex
Highly involved, significant brand differences
Example –

computer
Dissonance-reducing
Highly involved, little brand differences
Example – carpeting
Habitual
Low involvement, little brand differences
Example – salt
Variety-seeking
Low involvement, significant perceived brand differences
Example – cookies

Goal 3: Understand types of buying decisions and stages in the process

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The Buyer Decision Process Need recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives

The Buyer Decision Process

Need recognition
Information search
Evaluation of alternatives
Purchase decision
Postpurchase behavior

Needs can

be triggered by:
Internal stimuli
Normal needs become strong enough to drive behavior
External stimuli
Advertisements
Friends of friends

Process Stages

Goal 3: Understand types of buying decisions and stages in the process

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The Buyer Decision Process Need recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives

The Buyer Decision Process

Need recognition
Information search
Evaluation of alternatives
Purchase decision
Postpurchase behavior

Consumers exhibit

heightened attention or actively search for information.
Sources of information:
Personal
Commercial
Public
Experiential
Word-of-mouth

Process Stages

Goal 3: Understand types of buying decisions and stages in the process

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The Buyer Decision Process Need recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives

The Buyer Decision Process

Need recognition
Information search
Evaluation of alternatives
Purchase decision
Postpurchase behavior

Evaluation procedure

depends on the consumer and the buying situation.
Most buyers evaluate multiple attributes, each of which is weighted differently.
At the end of the evaluation stage, purchase intentions are formed.

Process Stages

Goal 3: Understand types of buying decisions and stages in the process

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The Buyer Decision Process Need recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives

The Buyer Decision Process

Need recognition
Information search
Evaluation of alternatives
Purchase decision
Postpurchase behavior

Two factors

intercede between purchase intentions and the actual decision:
Attitudes of others
Unexpected situational factors

Process Stages

Goal 3: Understand types of buying decisions and stages in the process

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The Buyer Decision Process Need recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives

The Buyer Decision Process

Need recognition
Information search
Evaluation of alternatives
Purchase decision
Postpurchase behavior

Satisfaction is

important:
Delighted consumers engage in positive word-of-mouth.
Unhappy customers tell on average 11 other people.
It costs more to attract a new customer than it does to retain an existing customer.
Cognitive dissonance is common

Process Stages

Goal 3: Understand types of buying decisions and stages in the process

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Buyer Decision Process for New Products New Products Good, service or

Buyer Decision Process for New Products

New Products
Good, service or idea that

is perceived by customers as new.
Stages in the Adoption Process
Marketers should help consumers move through these stages.

Goal 4: Comprehend the diffusion & adoption process for new products

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Stages in the Adoption Process Buyer Decision Process for New Products

Stages in the Adoption Process

Buyer Decision Process for New Products

Awareness
Evaluation

Interest
Trial

Adoption

Goal 4:

Comprehend the diffusion & adoption process for new products
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Buyer Decision Process for New Products Individual Differences in Innovativeness Consumers

Buyer Decision Process for New Products

Individual Differences in Innovativeness
Consumers can be

classified into five adopter categories, each of which behaves differently toward new products.
Product Characteristics and Adoption
Five product characteristics influence the adoption rate.

Goal 4: Comprehend the diffusion & adoption process for new products

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Product Characteristics Buyer Decision Process for New Products Relative Advantage Compatibility

Product Characteristics

Buyer Decision Process for New Products

Relative Advantage
Compatibility

Complexity
Divisibility

Communicability

Goal 4: Comprehend the

diffusion & adoption process for new products