Structure of the world economy. Indicates of internationalization. International division of labour

of the world economy

remain with the government of the reviewed country

Goods, services, capital, labour and knowledge are of national origin

And yet the value of national economies in the world economy is declining

National economic sovereignty in some integration s has already combined with the supranational decision-making mechanism (especially the EU).

International economic relations are also increasingly taking integration color : “is made in the EU”

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Import quota
Foreign trade turnover quota
The share of imports in retail turnover
The mapping of the country share in world exports, with its share in world GDP (Russia 0,7 (1,8% : 2,6%); United States 0,6 (12% : 20%); Japan 0,7 (5% : 7%))
The value of exports per capita (Russia – $ 1800, United States – $ 3,500, China – $ 500)

OPEN ECONOMY
CLOSED ECONOMY

of accumulated foreign investment in the country relative to its GDP
The amount of external debt relative to GDP
The volume of payments on service of external debt relative to revenues from exports of goods and services

share of foreign workers in total employment
The number of occupied overseas domestic labor
The share of foreign patents and licences in the total number of resident patents and licenses
The size of the export and import of technologies

(it generally defines the nationality of TNCs) and their foreign branches

the parent company provides control over the foreign companies through the ownership of 10% or more of ordinary shares or equivalent share capital

The forms of branches

The Department - is firm in the host country, which is owned by parent company wholly or jointly with another company,
the Department is not a legal entity

A subsidiary company is a company in which the parent company owns more than 50% of shares and which is registered in the host country as a legal entity, i.e. as an independent company.

An associated company is a company in which the parent company owns at least 10%, but not more than 50% of shares and which is a legal entity.

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% of their total volume and with branches in two or more countries

Transnational corporation (indexes)

I T = 1/3 (A I /A + R I /R + S or I /S) x 100 % ,
where I T is the index of transnationalization, %; A I — foreign assets;
A — total assets;
R I — sales of goods and services by foreign affiliates;
R — total sales of goods and services;
S I — a foreign employees;
S — the total number of employees of the company.

to their gradual economic merger

The reasons for economic integration:
The main reason for this process is the desire to improve the economic efficiency of production, and the integration is primarily economic in nature;
Strengthening political influence;
The means of avoiding military politic conflicts.

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by a decision of existing international organizations to analyze, discuss and resolve various issues of international economic life.

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of labor

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on the number of partial functions within the enterprise

Differentiation in society of various social functions

The division of labor
is differentiation, specialization of labor activities, leading to the identification and coexistence of its different species,
the separation of labor in society

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hunting and forestry
2. Fishing and fish farming
3. Mining
4. Manufacturing
5. Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water
6. Construction
7. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, household goods and personal items
8. Hotels and restaurants
9. Transport and communications
10. Financial activities
11. Operations with real estate, rent and granting of services
12. Public administration and military security; obligatory social security
13. Education
14. Health and social services
15. Other community, social and personal services
16. Provision of services for the household
17. Activities of extraterritorial organizations

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of production

Specialization of production
reflects a process of concentration of production of certain products or parts in independent industries and specialized enterprises

The forms of specialization

Subject
the production of finished end products

Detailed–
the production of parts and components

Technological –
the production of semi-finished products

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of labor forms

international specialization
– concentration of resources of the country in those industries, where it has natural or acquired advantages

International cooperation –
the process of establishment and development of production linkages between firms in different countries

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