Содержание
- 2. Literature World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), www.unwto.org World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), www.wttc.org Organisation for Economic
- 3. Other literature (2) European Travel Commission (ETC), www.etc-corporate.org Caribbean Hotel and Tourism Association (CHTA), www.caribbeanhotelandtourism.com Pacific
- 4. Literature (UNWTO and OECD on Internet) UNWTO – ETC: Handbook on Tourism Destination Branding, Madrid, 2009
- 5. Course objective Knowledge- The student is aware of, puts on record, and understands the foundations, structure,
- 6. Course objective (2) Social competence – The student is able: (1) to clarify the expected goals
- 7. Introduction to the market and international tourism. Definitions Economic categories, demand & supply The tourism consumer
- 8. Explanation of concepts World tourism market represents a totality of local - domestic and international markets
- 9. Tourism: what is it all about? Approaches to tourism: by whom and for whom Concepts (definitions)
- 10. Which of these do we use & for what For market analysis For marketing For lobbying
- 11. The term „tourist” (but not „tourism”) appearing for the first time in a legally binding document
- 12. Definition of tourism in European Union documents “Tourism” as such is not defined in EU tourism
- 13. Official definitions of Tourism and their features United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism 1963
- 14. Definition of tourism by TSA 2008 (UN - UNWTO) The demand perspective Travel refers to the
- 15. Definition of tourism by TSA 2008 (UN - UNWTO) The demand perspective (2) Duration of a
- 16. Defining and understanding tourism vs. travel and demand In current statistics-conducive language (TSA 2008) the term
- 17. Official definitions of Tourism and their features (2) European Union – for Eurostat (EU statistical service)
- 18. First EU definition of tourism in Council Directive 95/57/EC on the collection of statistical information in
- 19. (New) definition in Regulation (EU) No. 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of
- 20. Tourism coverage by Regulation (EU) No. 692/2011: domestic, national and internal, outbound and inbound, put together,
- 21. “Main purpose of the trip” according to EU (regulation (EU) No 692/2011): 1. Three types of
- 22. International tourism as “consumption abroad” by the World Trade Organization (WTO) In legal language, international tourism,
- 23. Other modes of supply of a service according to WTO (by GATS) The other modes of
- 24. Categories understood not to be covered by tourism (UNWTO) Migrants (changing usual residence) Nomads Military personnel
- 25. Misunderstandings about tourism Even though tourism has been defined, over and over, by experts, be it
- 26. Misunderstandings about tourism (2) The overall economic importance of what is called tourism in statistical reporting
- 27. Typical statements about the importance of tourism “one of the most promising drivers of growth for
- 28. Typical statements about the importance of tourism (2) „30 per cent of the world’s exports of
- 29. UNWTO presentation: Tourism Towards 2030: Actual trend and forecast 1950-2030 (effective demand for international travel)
- 30. Reporting on Tourism (“Travel & Tourism”) by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) WTTC is
- 31. Direct and total contribution of “travel and tourism” measured for WTTC by Oxford Economics GDP: Direct
- 32. Direct and total contribution of “travel and tourism” measured for WTTC (2) Employment: Direct Contribution Travel
- 33. Other ways of reading tourism (social aspects) To recall: tourism at its origin is supposed to
- 34. Other ways of reading tourism (social aspects) (2) Freedom of movement – a civil right (ius
- 35. Other ways of reading tourism (3) “A well-aimed and pertinent metaphor for contemporary life” (Zygmunt Bauman,
- 36. Why are misunderstandings and exaggeration about tourism in place? Irrespective of whatever experts decide and agree
- 37. Why are misunderstandings and exaggeration about tourism in place? (2) The public at large and politicians
- 38. Why are misunderstandings and exaggeration about tourism in place? (3) Inclusion of business and professional (B&P,
- 39. Why are misunderstandings and exaggeration about tourism in place? (4) Inclusion of business and professional (B&P,
- 40. Understanding tourism in relation to the world tourism market (recommended working definition) Tourism is defined by
- 41. Some conclusions Ambiguity in defining tourism ( but full consistency and precision are impossible) Tourism is
- 42. Some conclusions (2) Travel or tourism demand each time should be identified as purpose –specific (whether
- 43. Continuous doubts about tourism Quote: “Doubts have been expressed about the desirability of an expanding tourist
- 44. True economic and market importance of tourism No single country in the world today can do
- 45. True economic and market importance of tourism (2) It is important for the economy in terms
- 46. Defining and understanding the world tourism market Demand and supply as one
- 47. Market origin (semantic) Market (marketplace) is a physical or virtual place where supply confronts demand (or
- 48. Specificity of the tourism market In tourism (understood as going somewhere for something) the tourism product
- 49. Specificity of the international tourism market The supply of goods and services to international visitors as
- 50. UNWTO reporting on trade in tourism services as International Tourism Receipts vs. other export categories (consumed
- 51. Specificity of the international tourism market (2) A tourism product ( a singular service or a
- 52. Specificity of the international tourism market (3) Comments regarding statistics Tools and quality of numerical data
- 53. International tourism as trade and it consequences The market in action implies trade; trade in tourism
- 54. International tourism as trade and it consequences (2) Tourism production and expenditure/consumption are responsible for direct,
- 55. Defining the effects of tourism production and effective demand as well as the anticipative production looking
- 56. Direct effects of tourism (production and consumption) and their relationship to the tourism satellite account Measured
- 57. Commentary: TSA seen by OECD “The TSA remains essentially a static accounting of the contribution which
- 58. The “hidden” part of the tourism market: intermediate consumption of products due to indirect effects through
- 59. Leakages – direct and indirect Leakages occur when part of earned income from the activities catering
- 60. Leakages – direct and indirect (2) Indirect leakages and outflows of income can also occur -
- 61. Inputs to the tourism product as leakages in underdeveloped countries Capital equipment Software Technology Management Marketing
- 62. Defining and understanding the world tourism market The Demand Side
- 63. Where does demand for travel or tourism really come from? Travellers and their status Those who
- 64. Where does demand for travel or tourism really come from? Barriers and enablers (hard factors to
- 65. Travel demand by purpose characteristcs in more detail. From the demand side, tourism is conducive to
- 66. Travel demand by purpose characteristcs in more detail (2) Group 2. Visits person-to-person, visiting relatives and
- 67. Travel demand by purpose characteristcs in more detail (3) Group 3. Professional activity and occupation, commerce
- 68. Why it is important to discern between these three types of movements of persons Different tourism
- 69. The way the breakdown of tourism is depicted by UNWTO statistics Inbound tourism by purpose of
- 70. Propensity to leisure travel (enabling factors) Propensity to leisure travel depends on: Freedom to travel Disposable
- 71. Propensity to leisure travel (enabling factors) (2) When it comes to leisure tourism, there is still
- 72. Given the economic barriers, who is fit for travel, for any purposes? The social class determines
- 73. New social classes and hierarchy in Poland 5. Commercial and services sector staff Largely of working
- 74. Entitlement to paid holidays (examples) and the days actually taken (in brackets) Europeans 28 days off
- 75. When people have to finance their trips Another social class approach to mainstream population (excluding elites)
- 76. Consumer types profiles according to employment status (EI) Employment status Working full-time Full-time or part-time student
- 77. Another approach: Consumer types who can afford (according to Euromonitor International) Undauted Striver Trendy Optimistic Empowered
- 78. Breakdown of tourism consumer types by countries (E.I.) Undaunted strivers France: 4% Germany: 4% United Kingdom:
- 79. Breakdown of tourism consumer types by countries (E.I.) (2) Content streamer France: 20% Germany: 16% United
- 80. Indirect indicators for generating tourism flows, entrepreneurship and business trips Prosperity of nations by Legatum Prosperity
- 81. Prosperity enables tourism (demand and supply) Prosperity ranking by Legatum The first ten 1. Norway 2.
- 82. International business and other special interest arrivals at national level in Europe (3 countries) in 2013,
- 83. International business and other special interest arrivals at national level in Europe in 2013, importance of
- 84. Example of business travel spending profile: Expenditure on hotel stays in USA (3rd quarter 2013) Business
- 85. Soft cultural factors characteristic of a social class and hierarchy determining travel propensity ? life style
- 86. Information and communication technology development enabling tourism demand and supply Measuring ICT Development Index (IDI) by
- 87. Key findings (ITU Report) Between 2011 and 2012: ICT levels increased almost everywhere Gap between top
- 88. Why do absolute figures of international tourist arrivals constantly increase? Population growth: more people, more travel
- 89. Comparison between population growth and international tourist arrivals Global demographic growth 1950 – 2.55 billion 1960
- 90. Why do absolute figures of international tourist arrivals constantly increase? (2) 3. Social and technical mobility
- 91. The providers’ (supply) perspective of travel demand Terminological segmentaion. Characteristic categories of tourism consumers and their
- 92. The providers’ (supply) perspective of travel demand Segmentation by travel lots Travel lots: guests, customers, participants
- 94. Скачать презентацию