Geographical Isolation as one of the factors of Evolution

Август 12, 2022

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Geographical Isolation as one of the factors of Evolution

Содержание

2. Geographic isolation of a group of organisms eventually stops gene flow from other groups of same
7. “Typically Geographical Isolation is a result of an accident of or coincidence.”
8. Geographic isolation can be caused by many factors and can result in a variety of results.
9. Isolation by Barriers The people of Finland, who are secluded to some degree from the rest
11. Isolation by Distance Cheetahs separated from a larger group mate with each other, resulting in a
14. Isolation after an Event An earthquake causes two populations to become separate from each other. Over
16. Isolation by Separation An isolated group of beetles on a hill only work, eat and mate
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Geographic isolation of a group of organisms eventually stops gene flow from

other groups of same species. Thus isolated group evolves by accumulating new mutations not to be found in members of related groups.

INTRODUCTION

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“Typically Geographical Isolation is a result of an accident of or

coincidence.”

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Geographic isolation can be caused by many factors and can result

in a variety of results. Here are some examples:

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Isolation by Barriers
The people of Finland, who are secluded to some

degree from the rest of the world by water, develop certain diseases due to the lack of genetic material from other ethnicities and races.
Physical barriers prevent fish from one stream from mating with fish from another stream, leading to a less varied gene pool among those fish. As time passes, the fish become unable to successfully mate with other groups.
A mountain range prevents two types of goat from mating, causing the gene pool to become less varied.

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Isolation by Distance
Cheetahs separated from a larger group mate with each

other, resulting in a less varied gene pool.
Genetic interchange between finches is prevented when a flock becomes isolated from the rest on an island. Eventually, the isolated group emerges as a completely separate species.
A group of genetically differentiated chimpanzees is unable to mate with any other chimpanzees outside of their group due to physical isolation, leading to the development of certain diseases that genetic material from the other chimpanzees would have prevented

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Isolation after an Event
An earthquake causes two populations to become separate

from each other. Over time, each species experiences genetic makeup specific only to their own smaller, less diverse populations.
When a piece of land breaks off from a continent, the animals on the piece of land are only able to reproduce with their own populations. This results in the animals becoming entirely separate species over time.

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Isolation by Separation
An isolated group of beetles on a hill only

work, eat and mate with one another. As a result, only genetic material within that small group is exchanged, leading to a less varied beetle population than others that mate with different subgroups.
A population of brown-haired people is separated from those with other hair colors and, as such, does not mix genetically with populations of any other hair color, leading to a population that is of homogenous brown hair color.

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