The Parliament of Great Britain

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The Parliament was formed in 1707 by the Acts of

Union The oldest Parliament
Upper House House of Lords
Lower House House of Commons
Queen

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Parliament has three main functions:
Examining and challenging the work of

the government
To debate the major issues of the day and passing all laws
Enabling the government to raise taxes

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The business of Parliament takes place in two Houses:
the House

of Commons
Their work is
Both must

the House of Lords.
similar
debate and vote

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The House of Commons
Meets at the Palace of Westminster

The Commons is publicly elected
MPs in the House of Commons are elected for a period of five years

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Speaker
The House of
Commons
elects a speaker

Doesn't take part in
debate nor vote
John Bercow
since 22
June 2016.

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The Commons Chamber

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The House of Lords
Members are appointed
by the

Queen
Life Peers Baron or
Baroness, ¼ are women
Hereditary Peers
inherit their seats

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The House of Lords is the upper chamber of Great Britain’s

bicameral legislature.

Originating in the 11th century, when the Anglo-Saxon kings consulted witans composed of religious leaders and the monarch’s ministers, it emerged as a distinct element of Parliament in the 13th and 14th centuries.

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The House of Lords consists of over 670 numbers .
Which includes

:
Hereditary peers
Life peers
Law Lords consisting of the judges
Bishops

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The Sovereign’s throne is in the House of Lords.
Queen sits on

it once a year at opening of an annual session of Parliament.

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Traditionally the House of Lords did not elect its own speaker,

unlike the House of Commons; rather, the ex officio presiding officer was the Lord Chancellor

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This reform of the post of Lord Chancellor was made due

to the perceived constitutional anomalies inherent in the role.

The Lord Chancellor was not only the Speaker of the House of Lords, but also a member of the Cabinet.

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The powers of the modern House of Lords are extremely limited
The

House of Lords’ powers are defined in the Parliament Act of 1911 and 1949

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Under the 1911 act, all bills specified by the speaker of

the House of Commons as money bills become law one month after being sent for consideration to the House of Lords.

Under the 1949 act, all other public bills not receiving the approval of the House of Lords become law provided that they are passed by two successive parliamentary sessions and that a period of one year has elapsed between the bill’s second reading in the first session and its third reading in the second session.

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Despite these limitations, the House of Lords plays a significant role

in Parliament.
The main functions are the revision and examination of bills from the House of Commons.
To become a law, a bill approved by both Houses, also needs Royal Assent, the signature of the Queen.

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In 1998 the Labour government of Tony Blair introduced legislation to

deprive hereditary peers (by then numbering 750) of their 700-year-old right to sit and vote in the upper chamber.
A compromise, however, allowed 92 of them-who were elected by their fellow peers-to remain as temporary members.

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The measure, which went into effect in late 1999, was seen

as a prelude to wider reform, and in 2007 members of the House of Commons offered support for two separate proposals, one calling for the House of Lords to be 80-percent elected, the other 100-percent elected.

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To become law …
A Bill must be agreed by both

Houses
The members of Parliament must debate and vote, the Speaker reads the result
Second Reading, it is sent to a Committee for detailed
After days the Bill comes back to The House of Commons
Third reading, the final text is approved or rejected
The Bill goes through the same stages in the House of Lords
When a Bill is given Royal Assent it becomes an Act of Parliament

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