Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

Сентябрь 8, 2022

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Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

Содержание

2. Topics covered Molecular weight and Molar Mass Representation of Compounds Types of Chemical Reactions Net ionic
3. Compounds Compound – pure substance that is composed of two or more elements in a fixed
4. Molecular weight and Molar mass A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held
5. Representation of compounds Law of Constant Composition – any sample of a given compound will contain
6. Percent composition It is the weight percent of the element in a specific compound.
7. Types of chemical reactions 1. Synthesis Reactions Two or more reactants form one product
8. Types of chemical reactions 2. Decomposition Reactions One in which a compound breaks down into two
9. Types of chemical reactions 3. Single Displacement Reactions An atom of one compound is replaced by
10. Types of Chemical Reactions 4. Double Displacement Reactions Elements from two different compounds displace each other
11. Net Ionic Equations Because reactions such as displacements often involve ions in a solution, they can
12. Balancing Equations From the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants in a
13. Examples of balancing
14. Applications of stoichiometry
15. Limiting Reactants Limiting reactant limits the amounts of product that can be formed in the reaction
16. Yields The yield of a reaction is the amount of product predicted or obtained when the
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Topics covered
Molecular weight and Molar Mass
Representation of Compounds
Types of Chemical

Reactions
Net ionic Equations
Balancing Equations
Applications of Stoichiometry
Limiting Reactants

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Compounds
Compound – pure substance that is composed of two or

more elements in a fixed proportion
All elements, except some of the noble gases, can react with other elements to form compound

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Molecular weight and Molar mass
A molecule is a combination of two

or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
The molecular weight is simply the sum of the weights of the atoms that make up the molecule
MOLAR MASS = MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Number of moles = weight of sample (g) / molar mass(g/mol)

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Representation of compounds
Law of Constant Composition – any sample of a

given compound will contain the same elements in the identical mass ratio
Empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of the elements in the compound.
The molecular formula gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

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Percent composition
It is the weight percent of the element in

a specific compound.

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Types of chemical reactions
1. Synthesis Reactions
Two or more reactants form one

product

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Types of chemical reactions
2. Decomposition Reactions
One in which a compound breaks

down into two or more substances, usually as a result of heating

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Types of chemical reactions
3. Single Displacement Reactions
An atom of one

compound is replaced by an atom of another element

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Types of Chemical Reactions
4. Double Displacement Reactions
Elements from two different

compounds displace each other to form two new compounds

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Net Ionic Equations
Because reactions such as displacements often involve ions in

a solution, they can be written in ionic form
Very important to demonstrate the actual reaction occurring

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Balancing Equations
From the law of conservation of mass, the mass of

the reactants in a reaction must be equal to the mass of the products
Stoichiometry is essentially the study of how the quantities of reactants and products are related in a chemical reaction.

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