C.F. / Informatics / ICT

Июль 29, 2022

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C.F. / Informatics / ICT

Содержание

2. Outline Introduction Body Conclusion
3. Introduction A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends data from one location
4. Introduction: physical structures type of connections A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices,
5. Introduction: physical structures type of connections A multipoint connection (also called multidrop connection) is one in
6. Introduction: physical structures physical topology The term physical topology refers to the way in which a
7. Mesh topology In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other
8. Star topology In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a
9. Bus topology A bus topology uses a multipoint link One long cable, called the bus, acts
10. Ring topology In a ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the
11. LAN A local area network (LAN) is usually privately owned and links the devices in a
12. MAN A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network with a size between a LAN and
13. WAN A wide area network (WAN) provides long-distance transmission of data over large geographic areas that
14. WAN
15. TCP/IP protocol suite To divide the services required to perform a task, the Internet has created
16. TCP/IP protocol suite The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having four layers: host-to-network (or
17. TCP/IP protocol suite Here we show the layers involved when a message is sent from device
18. Transport layer address (port numbers) The IP address of the server is necessary for communication, but
19. Transport layer protocols: TCP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) supports all the duties of a transport layer
20. Network layer: IP The TCP/IP protocol suite supports one main protocol (IP) and several auxiliary protocols
21. Network layer: network layer protocols The notation divides the 32-bit address into four 8-bit sections and
22. Network layer: network layer protocols At a message’s source the IPv4 protocol adds the source and
23. Data link layer addresses The Ethernet protocol, the most prevalent LAN in the use today, uses
24. Physical layer The physical layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a
25. Read the IT news!!! L3 IP-address, router/роутер/маршрутизатор transmits packets (host-to-host communication) L2 MAC-address, hub/switch/коммутатор transmits frames
26. Read the IT news!!! G - generation (Поколение) 1G - 2G - GSM (CSD 9.6Kbit/s) 2.5G
27. Read the IT news!!! PAN (BlueTooth) LAN (Ethernet/Wireless) MAN (ADSL/FTTB/GPON) WAN ()
28. Read the IT news!!! Win8.1 change Public Network profile to Private Win+R --> regEdit HKLM/Software/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/NetworkList/Profiles
29. Read the IT news!!! http://profit.kz/ http://tengrinews.kz/tech/ http://www.habrahabr.ru http://www.computerworld.kz/ http://xakep.ru http://www.securitylab.ru/ http://ictmagazine.kz/ and so on… Homework every
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Слайд 2

Outline
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

Слайд 3

Introduction
A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends

data from one location to another
The hardware consists of the physical equipment that carries signals from one point in the network to another
The software consists of instructions that make the services that we expect from a network possible

Слайд 4

Introduction: physical structures type of connections
A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link

between two devices, and the entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between these two devices

Слайд 5

Introduction: physical structures type of connections
A multipoint connection (also called multidrop

connection) is one in which more than two specific devices share a single link
In a multipoint environment, the capacity of the channel is shared, either spatially or temporally

Слайд 6

Introduction: physical structures physical topology
The term physical topology refers to the

way in which a network is laid out physically
Two or more devices connect to a link: one or more links form a topology
The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and devices (usually called nodes) to one another
There are four possible topologies:
Mesh
Star
Bus, and
Ring

Слайд 7

Mesh topology
In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point

link to every other device

Слайд 8

Star topology
In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point

link only to a central controller, usually called a hub

Слайд 9

Bus topology
A bus topology uses a multipoint link
One long cable, called

the bus, acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network
Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps (connectors)

Слайд 10

Ring topology
In a ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point

connection with only the two devices on either side of it

Слайд 11

LAN
A local area network (LAN) is usually privately owned and

links the devices in a single office, building, or campus

LAN can be as simple as two PCs and a printer in someone’s home office,
LAN (Ethernet/Wireless Wi-Fi)

Слайд 12

MAN
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network with a size

between a LAN and a WAN
It normally covers the area inside a town or a city
It is designed for customers who need high-speed connectivity, normally to the Internet, and has end-points spread over a city or part of city
A good example of a MAN is that part of a telephone company’s network that can provide a high-speed DSL line to the customer
Another example is the cable network that was originally designed for cable television, but today can also be used for high-speed data connection to the Internet

Слайд 13

WAN
A wide area network (WAN) provides long-distance transmission of data over

large geographic areas that may comprise a country, a continent, or even the whole world

Слайд 14

WAN

Слайд 15

TCP/IP protocol suite
To divide the services required to perform a task,

the Internet has created a set of rules called protocols
These allow different local and wide area networks, using different technologies, to be connected together and carry a message from one point to another
The set, or suite, of protocols that controls the Internet today is referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite

Слайд 16

TCP/IP protocol suite
The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having

four layers: host-to-network (or link), internet (network), transport and application
However, the TCP/IP protocol suite today is normally considered as a five-layer model:

Слайд 17

TCP/IP protocol suite
Here we show the layers involved when a message

is sent from device A to device B
As the message travels from A to B, it may pass through many routers
Routers use only the first three layers

Слайд 18

Transport layer address (port numbers)
The IP address of the server is

necessary for communication, but more is required
The server computer may be running several processes at the same time, e.g. an FTP server process and an HTTP server process
When the message arrives at the server, it must be directed to the correct process
We need another address for server process identification, called a port number

Слайд 19

Transport layer protocols: TCP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) supports all the duties

of a transport layer
However, it is not as fast and as efficient as UDP
TCP uses sequence numbers, acknowledgment numbers, and checksums
It also uses buffers at the sender’s site

Слайд 20

Network layer: IP
The TCP/IP protocol suite supports one main protocol (IP)

and several auxiliary protocols to help IP to perform its duties
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the main protocol at the network layer is Internet Protocol (IP)
The current version is IPv4 (version 4) although IPv6 is also in use, although not ubiquitously
IPv4 is responsible for delivery of a packet from the source computer to the destination computer
For this purpose, every computer and router in the world is identified by a 32-bit IP address, which is presented in dotted decimal notation

Слайд 21

Network layer: network layer protocols
The notation divides the 32-bit address into

four 8-bit sections and writes each section as a decimal number between 0 and 255 with three dots separating the sections
For example, an IPv4 address
00001010 00011001 10101100 00001111
is written as
10.25.172.15
in dotted decimal notation

Слайд 22

Network layer: network layer protocols
At a message’s source the IPv4 protocol

adds the source and destination IP address to the packet passed from the application
The packet is then ready for its journey
However, the actual delivery is done by the data link and physical layer
The address range of IPv4 (32 bits) can define up to 232 (more than 4 billion) different devices
However, the way in which addresses have been allocated in the past has created address depletion

Слайд 23

Data link layer addresses
The Ethernet protocol, the most prevalent LAN in

the use today, uses a 48-bit address, which is normally written in hexadecimal format (group in 6 sections, each with two hexadecimal digits) as shown below
07:01:02:11:2C:5B
Data link addresses are often called physical addresses or media access control (MAC) addresses

Слайд 24

Physical layer
The physical layer coordinates the functions required to carry a

bit stream over a physical medium
Although the data link layer is responsible for moving a frame from one node to another, the physical layer is responsible for moving the individual bits that make up the frame to the next node
In other words, the unit of transfer in the data link layer is a frame, while the unit of transfer in the physical layer is a bit

Слайд 25

Read the IT news!!!
L3 IP-address, router/роутер/маршрутизатор transmits packets (host-to-host communication)
L2 MAC-address,

hub/switch/коммутатор transmits frames (node-to-node)
L1 transmits bits

Слайд 26

Read the IT news!!!
G - generation (Поколение)
1G -
2G - GSM

(CSD 9.6Kbit/s)
2.5G - GPRS 114 Кбит/с
2.75G - EDGE 473,6 Кбит/с
3G - UMTS 28 Мбит/с
4G - LTE 326,4 Мбит/с

Слайд 27

Read the IT news!!!
PAN (BlueTooth)
LAN (Ethernet/Wireless)
MAN (ADSL/FTTB/GPON)
WAN ()

Слайд 28

Read the IT news!!!
Win8.1 change Public Network profile to Private
Win+R -->

regEdit
HKLM/Software/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/NetworkList/Profiles
"Category" могут быть следующие:
0 - "Общедоступная сеть".
1 - "Частная сеть".
2 - Сеть домена.

Слайд 29

Read the IT news!!!
http://profit.kz/
http://tengrinews.kz/tech/
http://www.habrahabr.ru
http://www.computerworld.kz/
http://xakep.ru
http://www.securitylab.ru/
http://ictmagazine.kz/ and so on…
Homework every day.

C.F. / Informatics / ICT

Содержание

OutlineIntroductionBodyConclusion

IntroductionA network is a combination of hardware and software that sends

Introduction: physical structures type of connectionsA point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link

Introduction: physical structures type of connectionsA multipoint connection (also called multidrop

Introduction: physical structures physical topologyThe term physical topology refers to the

Mesh topologyIn a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point

Star topologyIn a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point

Bus topologyA bus topology uses a multipoint linkOne long cable, called

Ring topologyIn a ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point

LANA local area network (LAN) is usually privately owned and

MANA metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network with a size

WANA wide area network (WAN) provides long-distance transmission of data over

WAN

TCP/IP protocol suiteTo divide the services required to perform a task,

TCP/IP protocol suiteThe original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having

TCP/IP protocol suiteHere we show the layers involved when a message

Transport layer address (port numbers)The IP address of the server is

Transport layer protocols: TCPTransmission Control Protocol (TCP) supports all the duties

Network layer: IPThe TCP/IP protocol suite supports one main protocol (IP)

Network layer: network layer protocolsThe notation divides the 32-bit address into

Network layer: network layer protocolsAt a message’s source the IPv4 protocol

Data link layer addressesThe Ethernet protocol, the most prevalent LAN in

Physical layerThe physical layer coordinates the functions required to carry a

Read the IT news!!!L3 IP-address, router/роутер/маршрутизатор transmits packets (host-to-host communication)L2 MAC-address,

Read the IT news!!!G - generation (Поколение)1G - 2G - GSM

Read the IT news!!!PAN (BlueTooth)LAN (Ethernet/Wireless)MAN (ADSL/FTTB/GPON)WAN ()

Read the IT news!!!Win8.1 change Public Network profile to PrivateWin+R -->

Read the IT news!!!http://profit.kz/http://tengrinews.kz/tech/http://www.habrahabr.ruhttp://www.computerworld.kz/ http://xakep.ruhttp://www.securitylab.ru/http://ictmagazine.kz/ and so on…Homework every day.

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