Web Technologies Basics

Июль 23, 2022

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Web Technologies Basics

Содержание

2. Table of Contents Web Sites and Web Applications Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 Web Browsers Hardware Servers
3. Web Page Document or information resource that is suitable for the World Wide Web Can be
4. Web Site Collection of related web pages containing web resources (web pages, images, videos, CSS files,
5. Web Application Next level web sites High interactivity High accessibility (Cloud) AJAX, Silverlight, Flash, Flex, etc.
6. Web Browsers and Layout Engines
7. Web Browsers Program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other resources
8. Layout Engines Software component that displays the formatted content on the screen combining: Marked up content
9. Layout Engines and Web Browsers Trident-based Internet Explorer, Netscape, Maxthon, etc. Gecko-based Firefox, Netscape, SeaMonkey, etc.
10. User Agent Strings Identify web browsers and their version Can have some additional information like layout
11. Hardware Servers Physical computer (a hardware system) dedicated to running one or more such services Servers
12. Web Servers Apache, IIS, nginx, lighttpd, etc.
13. What Do the Web Servers Do? All physical servers have hardware The hardware is controlled by
14. Web Servers Market Share Feb 2014 Apache 38.22 % IIS (by Microsoft) 32.80% nginx (by Igor
15. Most popular web servers in different countries Источник: W3Tech.com
17. 2019,2020 years
18. Client-Server Architecture The Classical Client-Server Model
19. Client-Server Architecture The client-server model consists of: Server – a single machine or cluster of machines
20. Client-Server Architecture The client-server model consists of: Clients –software applications that provide UI (front-end) to access
21. The Client-Server Model
22. Client-Server Model – Examples Web server (Apache, IIS) – Web browser FTP server (ftpd) – FTP
23. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FileZilla DNS (Domain Name System) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) SMB (Server
24. 3-Tier / Multi-Tier Architectures Classical Layered Structure of Software Systems
25. The 3-Tier Architecture The 3-tier architecture consists of the following tiers (layers): Front-end (client layer) Client
26. The 3-Tier Architecture Model Business Logic Desktop Client Mobile Client Client Machine network network network Database
27. Typical Layers of the Middle Tier The middle tier usually has parts related to the front-end,
28. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
29. What is a Service? In the real world a "service" is: A piece of work performed
30. What is "Cloud"?
31. What is Cloud? Cloud ≈ multiple hardware machines combine their computing power and resources Share them
32. Cloud Computing Models Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Virtual machines in the cloud on demand Users
34. Скачать презентацию

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Table of Contents
Web Sites and Web Applications
Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0
Web Browsers
Hardware

Servers
Web Servers
Client-Server Architecture
3-Tier / Multi-Tier Architectures
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

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Web Page
Document or information resource that is suitable for the World

Wide Web
Can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a monitor or mobile device
This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links
Web pages frequently refer to other resources such as style sheets (CSS), scripts (JavaScript) and images into their final presentation

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Web Site
Collection of related web pages containing web resources (web pages,

images, videos, CSS files, JS files or other digital assets)
Common navigation between web pages
A website is hosted on at least one web server
Accessible via a network (such as the Internet)
All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web

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Web Application
Next level web sites
High interactivity
High accessibility (Cloud)
AJAX, Silverlight, Flash, Flex,

etc.
Applications are usually broken into logical chunks called "tiers", where every tier is assigned a role
Desktop-like application in the web browser
Web applications on desktop (Windows 8)

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Web Browsers and Layout Engines

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Web Browsers
Program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view

documents and other resources from the Web
Main responsibilities:
Bring information resources to the user (issuing requests to the web server and handling any results generated by the request)
Presenting web content (render HTML, CSS, JS)
Capable of executing applications within the same context as the document on view (Flash)

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Layout Engines
Software component that displays the formatted content on the screen

combining:
Marked up content (such as HTML, XML, image files, etc.)
Formatting information (such as CSS, XSL, etc.)
It "paints" on the content area of a window, which is displayed on a monitor or a printer
Typically embedded in web browsers, e-mail clients, on-line help systems or other applications that require the displaying (and editing) of web content

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Layout Engines and Web Browsers
Trident-based
Internet Explorer, Netscape, Maxthon, etc.
Gecko-based
Firefox, Netscape, SeaMonkey, etc.
Blink-based
Chrome,

Opera
WebKit-based
Old Chrome, Safari, Maxthon, etc.
Presto-based
Old Opera

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User Agent Strings
Identify web browsers and their version
Can have some additional

information like layout engine, user's operating system, etc.
Example:
Web browser: Firefox 7.0.1
Rendering (layout) engine: Gecko/20100101
Operating system: 64-bit Windows 7
WOW64 = Windows-On-Windows 64-bit
Windows NT 6.1 = Windows 7

Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:7.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/7.0.1

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Hardware Servers
Physical computer (a hardware system) dedicated to running one or

more such services
Servers are placed in collocation centers
The server may be:
Database server
File server
Mail server
Print server
VPS servers

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Web Servers
Apache, IIS, nginx, lighttpd, etc.

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What Do the Web Servers Do?
All physical servers have hardware
The hardware

is controlled by the operating system
Web servers are software products that use the operating system to handle web requests
Web servers serve Web content
These requests are redirected to other software products (ASP.NET, PHP, etc.), depending on the web server settings

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Web Servers Market Share Feb 2014
Apache
38.22 %
IIS (by Microsoft)
32.80%
nginx (by Igor

Sysoev)
15.00%
GWS (by Google)
2.30%

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Most popular web servers in different countries
Источник: W3Tech.com

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2019,2020 years

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Client-Server Architecture
The Classical Client-Server Model

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Client-Server Architecture
The client-server model consists of:
Server – a single machine or

cluster of machines that provides web applications (or services) to multiple clients
Examples:
Web server running PHP scripts or ASP.NET pages
IIS based Web server
WCF based service
Services in the cloud
IIS (Internet Information Server), WCF (Windows Communication Foundation), .net

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Client-Server Architecture
The client-server model consists of:
Clients –software applications that provide UI

(front-end) to access the services at the server
Examples:
Web browsers
WPF applications
HTML5 applications
Silverlight applications
ASP.NET consuming services
WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation)
XAML (eXtensible Application Markup Language)

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The Client-Server Model

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Client-Server Model – Examples
Web server (Apache, IIS) – Web browser
FTP server

(ftpd) – FTP client (FileZilla)
EMail server (qmail) – email client (Outlook)
SQL Server – SQL Server Management Studio
BitTorrent Tracker – Torrent client (μTorrent)
DNS server (bind) – DNS client (resolver)
DHCP server (wireless router firmware) – DHCP client (mobile phone /Android DHCP client/)
SMB server (Windows) – SMB client (Windows)

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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
FileZilla
DNS (Domain Name System)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
SMB

(Server Message Block)
\servername\sharename
Active Directory
ORM (Object Relational Mapping)

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3-Tier / Multi-Tier Architectures
Classical Layered Structure of Software Systems

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The 3-Tier Architecture
The 3-tier architecture consists of the following tiers (layers):
Front-end

(client layer)
Client software – provides the UI of the system
Middle tier (business layer)
Server software – provides the core system logic
Implements the business processes / services
Back-end (data layer)
Manages the data of the system (database / cloud)

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The 3-Tier Architecture Model
Business
Logic
Desktop
Client
Mobile
Client
Client
Machine
network
network
network
Database
Data Tier
(Back-End)
Middle Tier
(Business Tier)
Client Tier (Front-End)

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Typical Layers of the Middle Tier
The middle tier usually has parts

related to the front-end, business logic and back-end:

Presentation Logic

Implements the UI of the application (HTML5, Silverlight, WPF, …)

Business Logic

Implements the core processes / services of the application

Data Access Logic

Implements the data access functionality (usually ORM framework)

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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

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What is a Service?
In the real world a "service" is:
A piece

of work performed by a service provider
Provides the client (consumer) some desired result by some input parameters
The requirements and the result are known
Easy to use
Always available
Has quality characteristics (price, execution time, constraints, etc.)
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) RPC
REST (Representational State Transfer) Restful

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What is "Cloud"?

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What is Cloud?
Cloud ≈ multiple hardware machines combine their computing power

and resources
Share them between multiple applications
To save costs and use resources more efficiently
Public clouds
Provide computing resources on demand
Publicly in Internet
Paid or free of charge (to some limit)
Amazon AWS, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Rackspace, PHPFog, Heroku, AppHarbor

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Cloud Computing Models
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Virtual machines in the cloud

on demand
Users install the OS and software they need
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform, services and APIs (application programming interface) for developers
E.g. Java + JBoss + JSF + JPA + MongoDB or JavaScript + Node.js + MongoDB + RabbitMQ
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Hosted application on demand (e.g. WordPress)

Web Technologies Basics

Содержание

Table of ContentsWeb Sites and Web ApplicationsWeb 1.0, 2.0, 3.0Web BrowsersHardware

Web PageDocument or information resource that is suitable for the World

Web SiteCollection of related web pages containing web resources (web pages,

Web ApplicationNext level web sitesHigh interactivityHigh accessibility (Cloud)AJAX, Silverlight, Flash, Flex,

Web Browsers and Layout Engines

Web BrowsersProgram designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view

Layout EnginesSoftware component that displays the formatted content on the screen

Layout Engines and Web BrowsersTrident-basedInternet Explorer, Netscape, Maxthon, etc.Gecko-basedFirefox, Netscape, SeaMonkey, etc.Blink-basedChrome,

User Agent StringsIdentify web browsers and their versionCan have some additional

Hardware ServersPhysical computer (a hardware system) dedicated to running one or

Web ServersApache, IIS, nginx, lighttpd, etc.

What Do the Web Servers Do?All physical servers have hardwareThe hardware

Web Servers Market Share Feb 2014Apache38.22 %IIS (by Microsoft)32.80%nginx (by Igor

Most popular web servers in different countriesИсточник: W3Tech.com

2019,2020 years

Client-Server ArchitectureThe Classical Client-Server Model

Client-Server ArchitectureThe client-server model consists of:Server – a single machine or

Client-Server ArchitectureThe client-server model consists of:Clients –software applications that provide UI