The ancient history of Egypt. Project Plan

Август 21, 2022

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The ancient history of Egypt. Project Plan

Содержание

2. Project Plan In this project you‘ll get a summary of The ancient history of Egypt. Starting
3. Predynastic Period (c. 5000-3100 B.C.) The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from the earliest human
4. Artifacts of Egypt from the Prehistoric period, from 4400 to 3100 BC. First row from top
5. Archaic (Early Dynastic) Period (c. 3100-2686 B.C.) The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (also
6. The picture on the left shows Menes beating the king of lower Egypt after defeating him
7. Old Kingdom: Age of the Pyramid Builders (c. 2686-2181 B.C.) In ancient Egyptian history, the Old
8. -On the right are From left to right, the three largest are: the Pyramid of Menkaure,
9. First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 B.C.) The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in
10. The emergence of what is considered literature by modern standards seems to have occurred during the
11. Middle Kingdom: 12th Dynasty (c.2055-1786 B.C.) The Middle Kingdom of Egypt is the period in the
12. A painted relief depicting pharaoh Mentuhotep II, from his mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari
13. Second Intermediate Period (c. 1786-1567 B.C.) The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when ancient Egypt
14. New Kingdom (c. 1567-1085 B.C.) The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is
15. New Kingdom at its maximum territorial extent in the 15th century BC
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Project Plan
In this project you‘ll get a summary of The

ancient history of Egypt.
Starting from Predynastic Period (c. 5000-3100 B.C.) till New Kingdom (c. 1567-1085 B.C.).

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Predynastic Period (c. 5000-3100 B.C.)
The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from the

earliest human settlement to the beginning of the Early Dynastic period around 3100 BC, starting with the first Pharaoh, Narmer for some Egyptologists, Hor-Aha for others, with the name Menes also possibly used for one of these kings.

The Predynastic period is generally divided into cultural eras, each named after the place where a certain type of Egyptian settlement was first discovered. However, the same gradual development that characterizes the Protodynastic period is present throughout the entire Predynastic period, and individual "cultures" must not be interpreted as separate entities but as largely subjective divisions used to facilitate study of the entire period.

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Artifacts of Egypt from the Prehistoric period, from 4400 to 3100

BC.

First row from top left: a Badarian ivory figurine, a Naqada jar, a Bat figurine. Second row: a Diorite vase, a flint knife, a cosmetic palette.

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Archaic (Early Dynastic) Period (c. 3100-2686 B.C.)
The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (also known as Thinite

Period, from Thinis, the supposed hometown of its rulers) is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the end of the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom. With the First Dynasty, the capital moved from Thinis to Memphis with a unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian god-king. Abydos city (one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, and also of the eighth Nome in Upper Egypt) remained the major holy land in the south. The hallmarks of ancient Egyptian civilization, such as art, architecture and many aspects of religion, took shape during the Early Dynastic Period.
Before the unification of Egypt, the land was settled with autonomous villages. With the early dynasties, and for much of Egypt's history thereafter, the country came to be known as the Two Lands.

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The picture on the left shows Menes beating the king of

lower Egypt after defeating him and unifying Egypt. The picture on the right shows the new crown for Egypt, Which is a mix of the crown of upper and lower Egypt .

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Old Kingdom: Age of the Pyramid Builders (c. 2686-2181 B.C.)
In ancient Egyptian history,

the Old Kingdom is the period spanning c. 2686–2181 BC. It is also known as the "Age of the Pyramids" or the "Age of the Pyramid Builders", as it encompasses the reigns of the great pyramid-builders of the Fourth Dynasty, such as King Sneferu, who perfected the art of pyramid-building, and the kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, who constructed the pyramids at Giza.Egypt attained its first sustained peak of civilization during the Old Kingdom, the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods (followed by the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom), which mark the high points of
civilization in the lower Nile Valley.

The Old Kingdom is most commonly regarded as the period from the Third Dynasty to the Sixth Dynasty (2686–2181 BC). Information from the Fourth to the Sixth Dynasties of Egypt is scarce, and historians regard the history of the era as literally "written in stone" and largely architectural in that it is through the monuments and their inscriptions that scholars have been able to construct a history.

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-On the right are From left to right, the three largest

are: the Pyramid of Menkaure, the Pyramid of Khafre and the Great Pyramid of Khufu. -On the left is the oldest pyramid in Egypt, Saqqara Pyramid.

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First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 B.C.)
The First Intermediate Period, described as a

'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately one hundred and twenty-five years, from c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom. It comprises the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and part of the Eleventh Dynasties. Very little monumental evidence survives from this period, especially from the beginning of the era. The First Intermediate Period was a dynamic time where rule of Egypt was roughly equally divided between two competing power bases. One of those bases was at Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, a city just south of the Faiyum region. The other was at Thebes in Upper Egypt. It is believed that during this time temples were pillaged and violated, artwork was vandalized, and the statues of kings were broken or destroyed as a result of the postulated political chaos. These two kingdoms would eventually come into conflict, leading to the conquest of the north by the Theban kings and the reunification of Egypt under a single ruler, Mentuhotep II, during the second part of the Eleventh Dynasty. This event marked the beginning of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

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The emergence of what is considered literature by modern standards seems

to have occurred during the First Intermediate Period. A particularly important piece is the Ipuwer Papyrus, often called the Lamentations or Admonitions of Ipuwer.

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Middle Kingdom: 12th Dynasty (c.2055-1786 B.C.)
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt is the

period in the history of ancient Egypt following a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period. The Middle Kingdom lasted from approximately 2050 to 1710 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the reign of Mentuhotep II in the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. The kings of the Eleventh Dynasty ruled from Thebes and the . kings of the Twelfth Dynasty ruled from el-Lisht. Mentuhotep II commanded petty campaigns south as far as the Second Cataract in Nubia, which had gained its independence during the First Intermediate Period. He also restored Egyptian hegemony over the Sinai region, which had been lost to Egypt since the end of the Old Kingdom. To consolidate his authority, he restored the cult of the ruler, depicting himself as a god in his own lifetime, wearing the headdresses of Amun and Min. He died after a reign of 51 years and passed the throne to his son, Mentuhotep III

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A painted relief depicting pharaoh Mentuhotep II, from his mortuary temple at Deir

el-Bahari

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Second Intermediate Period (c. 1786-1567 B.C.)
The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when ancient

Egypt fell into disarray for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom. It is best known as the period when the Hyksos people of West Asia made their appearance in Egypt and whose reign comprised the 15th Dynasty founded by Salitis.

The map during that period

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New Kingdom (c. 1567-1085 B.C.)
The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian

Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the sixteenth century BC and the eleventh century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties of Egypt. Possibly as a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom saw Egypt attempt to create a buffer between the Levant and Egypt proper, and during this time Egypt attained its greatest territorial extent. Similarly, in response to very successful seventeenth-century BC attacks during the Second Intermediate Period by the powerful Kushites,the rulers of the New Kingdom felt compelled to expand far south into Nubia and to hold wide territories in the Near East. In the north, Egyptian armies fought Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria.

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The ancient history of Egypt. Project Plan

Содержание

Project Plan In this project you‘ll get a summary of The

Predynastic Period (c. 5000-3100 B.C.)The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from the

Artifacts of Egypt from the Prehistoric period, from 4400 to 3100

Archaic (Early Dynastic) Period (c. 3100-2686 B.C.) The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (also known as Thinite

The picture on the left shows Menes beating the king of

Old Kingdom: Age of the Pyramid Builders (c. 2686-2181 B.C.) In ancient Egyptian history,

-On the right are From left to right, the three largest

First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 B.C.) The First Intermediate Period, described as a

The emergence of what is considered literature by modern standards seems

Middle Kingdom: 12th Dynasty (c.2055-1786 B.C.) The Middle Kingdom of Egypt is the

A painted relief depicting pharaoh Mentuhotep II, from his mortuary temple at Deir

Second Intermediate Period (c. 1786-1567 B.C.) The Second Intermediate Period marks a period when ancient

New Kingdom (c. 1567-1085 B.C.) The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian

New Kingdom at its maximum territorial extent in the 15th century

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