The monarchy

Июль 23, 2022

Содержание

2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY Britain’s monarchy – different historically from Europe’s absolute monarchies > greater
3. NOTABLE DYNASTIES Tudors 1485 – 1603 Stuarts 1603 – 1714 Hanoverians 1714 – 1901 Windsors: 1910
4. OFFICIAL POWER Theoretically, the Queen appears to have a great deal of power The British Government
5. REAL POWER The practice (based on custom and tradition) > very different from theory The Prime
6. HIDDEN POWER The Royal Family – a substantial landowner (together with Britain’s aristorcracy) land still means
7. SOFT POWER OF THE MONARCHY = ability to “attract and co-opt rather than by coercion (hard
8. INTRODUCING ELIZABETH II Queen of the UK since 1952 Born on 21 April 1926 in London,
9. THE QUEEN SPEAKING The Queen's Christmas message: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4ObGQLjfCo Opening of the Parliament: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMHseSSRxgQ&feature=related
10. THEN AND NOW
11. QUEEN'S ENGLISH OR RP Received Pronunciation (RP) > otherwise called the Queen's (or King's) English,Oxford English
12. ADVISORY VOICE - MEETING PRIME MINISTERS
13. 1992 – ANNUS HORRIBILIS “ 1992 is not a year on which I shall look back
14. THE QUEEN VS. THE PEOPLE'S PRINCESS The Queen's stoical and detached manner of presentation > clashes
15. How did Lady Diana change the monarchy? 1) She made it more personal and more in
16. EMOTIONAL RESPONSE OF THE PUBLIC “The Queen had been brought up in a land of buttoned
17. THE CONS AND PROS OF MONARCHY The world of inherited privilege is in sharp contrast with
18. WALTER BAGEHOT'S FAMOUS WORDS ON MONARCHY “When there is a select committee on the Queen, the
19. MONARCHY AT THE TIME OF AUSTERITY At the time of government cuts, rising poverty, food banks
20. DEPICTIONS OF THE QUEEN I – SUE TOWNSEND, LUCIAN FREUD
21. MONARCHY IN THE MOVIES
22. PRINCE CHARLES born 14 November 1948 similar destiny to Edward VII > decades of waiting to
23. MAVERICK HEIR Anthony Sampson on Charles: “He was most at home in rural surroundings, as a
24. MONARCHY'S FUTURE
26. Скачать презентацию

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Britain’s monarchy – different historically from Europe’s

absolute monarchies > greater role of the Parliament
1649 – Charles I beheaded for absolutist tendencies
1688 – Glorious Revolution
The key document: The Bill of Rights > marks the beginning of the constitutional monarchy

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NOTABLE DYNASTIES
Tudors 1485 – 1603
Stuarts 1603 – 1714
Hanoverians 1714 –

1901
Windsors: 1910 –

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OFFICIAL POWER
Theoretically, the Queen appears to have a great deal of

power
The British Government = “Her Majesty's Government“ (contrast with the American “government of the people for the people by the people“)
She can choose anybody to become Prime Minister and other govt members ( so-called “royal patronage“)
She summons and dissolves Parliament
Her assent is necessary for all laws passed by Parliament
She embodies law (the Crown; Her Majesty's prisons)
British people – are “subjects“ of the Queen
According to the English common law > the monarch “can do no wrong“ > s/he is above the law
She is the head of the Church of England

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REAL POWER
The practice (based on custom and tradition) > very different

from theory
The Prime Minister chosen = always the leader of the winning party > he in turn chooses his Government
The dissolution of the Parliament > requested by the Prime Minister
Refusing royal assent to a law > has not happened since 1708 > Queen gives it automatically
Her speech opening the Parliament (“Queen's speech“) > written for her
Victorian constitutionalist Walter Bagehot defined the Queen’s rights as, the right ‘to be consulted, to encourage and to warn’

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HIDDEN POWER
The Royal Family – a substantial landowner (together with Britain’s

aristorcracy)
land still means power in the UK
Royal family members – part of a network of wealthy and powerful elite > they can have a behind-the-scenes influence on what happens in Britain
The absence of a written Constitutions – makes the real power of the monarch hard to define

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SOFT POWER OF THE MONARCHY
= ability to “attract and co-opt

rather than by coercion (hard power), using force or giving money as a means of persuasion. Soft power is the ability to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. A defining feature of soft power is that it is noncoercive; the currency of soft power is culture, political values, and foreign policies. Recently, the term has also been used in changing and influencing social and public opinion through relatively less transparent channels and lobbying through powerful political and non-political organizations.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_power

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INTRODUCING ELIZABETH II
Queen of the UK since 1952
Born

on 21 April 1926 in London, the first daughter of Albert, Duke of York (later George VI), and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later Queen Mother)
During WWII – joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (WATS)
1947 - married her distant cousin, Philip Mountbatten (Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark), later Duke of Edinburgh; the marriage produced four children
One of her earliest (and permanent) projects as Queen > developing relations among Commonwealth countries > frequent touring of its countries; she earned the nickname “Mother of the Commonwealth“
unlike her children – she has maintained a peaceful private life; keeping her emotions and personal views to herself and wholly devoted to her royal duties > perceived as a symbol of stability and continuity

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THE QUEEN SPEAKING
The Queen's Christmas message:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4ObGQLjfCo
Opening of the Parliament:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMHseSSRxgQ&feature=related

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THEN AND NOW

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QUEEN'S ENGLISH OR RP
Received Pronunciation (RP) > otherwise called the Queen's

(or King's) English,Oxford English or BBC English
a prestigious accent of Standard English
associated with those possessing with power, money and influence
traditionally, an accent used in the media; however, recently there has been a tendency to use regional accents on TV and the radio
It has class implications > can be viewed with negativity in some contexts > an increasing number of upper-class people choose Estuary English as their default accent (a mixture of RP and Cockney) to hide their “posh“ background

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ADVISORY VOICE - MEETING PRIME MINISTERS

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1992 – ANNUS HORRIBILIS
“ 1992 is not a year on which

I shall look back with undiluted pleasure. In the words of one of my more sympathetic correspondents, it has turned out to be an Annus Horribilis. ” - Queen Elizabeth
March 1992 – separation announced between Prince Andrew
(Queen's second son) and his wife Sarah Ferguson (Fergie);
later that years, scandalous photos of Fergie and her lover
leaked into the tabloids
April – Queen's daughter Princess Anne went through a divorce
June – publication of the book Diana, Her True Story, with Diana's private problems revealed
November - Windsor Castle, caught fire, resulting in serious damage; to pay for the damage, the Queen had to open some of the royal residences to tourists
In December - the separation of Prince Charles and his wife Diana
was announced

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THE QUEEN VS. THE PEOPLE'S PRINCESS
The Queen's stoical and detached manner

of presentation > clashes with the emotionally charged, media-friendly conduct of Lady Diana – a generational as well as personal gulf between them
Tony Blair - senses and exploits public sympathies for Diana's style > indirectly attacks the Queen by proclaiming Diana a national icon in his mourning speech after her death in 1997
“People everywhere, not just here in Britain kept faith with Princess Diana. They liked her, they loved her, they regarded her as one of the people. She was – the People's Princess and that is how she will stay, how she will remain in our hearts and our memories for ever.“
quoted in Andrew Marr: History of Modern Britain, p. 518

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How did Lady Diana change the monarchy?
1) She made it

more personal and more in touch with ordinary people
2) She made it more communicative and media friendly (unlike the Queen, she gave interviews and shared details of her private life)
3) She made the monarchy more activistic and political (beame involved in issues such as homelessness, AIDS or campaigns against landmines)> on occasions, she clashed with the establishment, fuelling later conspiracy theories about her death

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EMOTIONAL RESPONSE OF THE PUBLIC
“The Queen had been brought up

in a land of buttoned lips, stoicism and private grieving. She now reigned over a country which expected and almost required exhibitionism. To let it all loll out had become a guarantee of authenticity. In the run-up to Diana's funeral parts of central London seemed Mediterranean in their public grieving. There were vast mounds of flowers, people sleeping out, holding placards, weeping in the streets. Strangers hugged strangers. If Blair's words in Trimdon suggested Diana was aliving saint, a sub-religious hysteria responded to the thought.“ Andrew Marr: History of Modern Britain, p. 519
Despite facing temporary criticism for her “cold“ attitude to the Diana crisis, the Queen later regained much of her original public esteem

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THE CONS AND PROS OF MONARCHY
The world of inherited privilege is

in sharp contrast with the modern idea of meritocracy, as well as with ordinary reality
In a democratic society, accountability is prioritized; the monarch is not accountable to anyone
Given its lack of political power, monarchy is dispoportionately costly
Democratic society demands transparency; no-one knows what the Queen really thinks; she rarely voices her opinions

Contrary to the obsession with transparency and accountability, the monarchy can offer an attractive myth, a representation of the spirit and unity of the nation
By being impartial, the Queen is a figure above all of the political turmoil and corruption > can be respected in a way a British President never would be
The Queen remains still a final check on democracy; she can still use those powers she theoretically possesses if necessary (threat of dictatorship etc)

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WALTER BAGEHOT'S FAMOUS WORDS ON MONARCHY
“When there is a select committee

on the Queen, the charm of royalty will be gone. Its mystery is in its life. We must not let in daylight upon magic.“
(quoted in Anthony Sampson: Who Runs This Place?, p. 35)

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MONARCHY AT THE TIME OF AUSTERITY
At the time of government cuts,

rising poverty, food banks and homelessness, the position of an institution based on privilege and inherited wealth looks increasingly problematic > rise in republican sentiments

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DEPICTIONS OF THE QUEEN I – SUE TOWNSEND, LUCIAN FREUD

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MONARCHY IN THE MOVIES

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PRINCE CHARLES
born 14 November 1948
similar destiny to Edward VII > decades

of waiting to replace his long-reigning mother
unlike Elizabeth II > he is quite vocal about his opinions and does not pretend to be impartial > an active campaigner in a number of causes

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MAVERICK HEIR
Anthony Sampson on Charles: “He was most at home in

rural surroundings, as a landowner, organic farmer and gardener, and he disliked modern city life … He was quite courageous in his determination to be politically incorrect, defending alternative values which were at odds with those of townsmen and politicians, and supporting underdogs. When Margaret Thatcher was prime minister he warned against the 'desperate plight of the inner cities' and was quoted as saying that he would be 'inheriting a divided nation' – which led Thatcher to ring up Buckingham Palace in fury.“ (Who Runs This Place?, p. 36)
Some of other Charles' other interests:
Conservation of nature as well as historical monuments
Urban planning and revival of inner cities
Climate change
Religious tolerance
Alternative medicine and Eastern philosophy
Controversies:
Relationship and marriage to Camilla Parker-Bowles
Many of his views, though well-meant, are removed from everyday reality
Too “nerdy“ to be a generally accepted successor to his mother
Poking his nose into politics, lobbying politicians, involved in arms sales to the Saudis, etc.

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