The New World. Lecture 7

Август 5, 2022

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The New World. Lecture 7

Содержание

2. Plan 1. Discovering of America 2. James I 3. Charles I 4. The English Civil War
3. Discovering of America Christopher Columbus, 1492, opened America to European exploration and colonization, in the early
4. Discovering of America left for America on September 16, 1620, ship Mayflower, 105 passengers (35 Pilgrims
5. James I In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England, began
6. James I Failures: was for royal absolutism, his conflicts with the Parliament set the background for
7. Charles I 1625, was a quiet person, had a stammer and was small in figure, believed
8. The English Civil War English Civil War started in 1642 The reasons: Conflict between the king
9. The English Civil War Peculiarities: was not a long continuous war, armies lacked mobility, were long
10. The English Civil War Charles was tried at Westminster Hall in January 1649, Charles was executed
11. Oliver Cromwell controversial figure in the history of the UK. was very talented military leader, from
12. Oliver Cromwell Failures: he was cruel and brutal with opponents, he ruled as a military dictator,
13. The Restoration and Charles II The term Restoration is used to describe the event by which
14. The Restoration The Restoration period was marked by: an advance in colonization and overseas trade, the
15. The 18th century Britain 1 May 1707, the Act of Union, the English Parliament and the
16. The 18th century Britain Sir Robert Walpole (1676-1745), the first “Prime Minister”, developed the idea of
17. The 18th century Britain invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1769, end of
18. The 18th century Britain. Social Changes At the beginning of the 18th century: the population of
19. Independence of the USA By the 18th century the British colonies fell into three groups: In
20. Independence of the USA The French and Indian War (1756-1763) known as the Seven Years’ War.
21. American Revolution After the war in the 1770s the colonists decided to be independent. The reasons:
22. American Revolution The colonies’ leaders decided to oppose the high taxes, 1773, “Boston Tea Party”, demanded
23. American Revolution The Revolutionary War from 19 April 1775 to 3 September 1783. The Treaty of
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Слайд 2

Plan
1. Discovering of America
2. James I
3. Charles I
4. The English

Civil War
5. Oliver Cromwell
6. The Restoration and Charles II
7. The 18th century Britain
8. Independence of the USA

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Discovering of America
Christopher Columbus, 1492, opened America to European exploration and

colonization,
in the early 1580s, Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh permission to establish colonies to North America,
the first colony was named Virginia, after Queen Elizabeth.

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Discovering of America
left for America on September 16, 1620, ship Mayflower,
105

passengers (35 Pilgrims and 70 entrepreneurs),
on November 21 landed on Provincetown, Massachusetts, founded Plymouth colony,
In the first year half the colonists died of disease.
next year, the health and economic condition of the colonists improved,
autumn 1621 invited neighbouring Indians to celebrate the harvest (the first Thanksgiving).
by the mid 1640s, the population numbered 3,000 people.

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James I
In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James

I of England,
began a new dynasty - the Stuarts.
Achievements:
the first “king of Great Britain” (the king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625 and the first Stuart king of England from 1603 to 1625),
ended the long war with Spain, 1604,
was also responsible for a new translation of the Bible, the King James Version, 1611.

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James I
Failures:
was for royal absolutism,
his conflicts with the Parliament set the

background for the rebellion,
In 1605 survived an assassination attempt – The Gunpowder Plot (5 November 1605, House of Parliament, Guy Fawkes).

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Charles I
1625,
was a quiet person, had a stammer and was small

in figure,
believed in the absolute power of the monarch,
made church services to be full of ritual and colour, but people preferred plain and simple services.
was in constant conflicts with the parliament (the parliament was resolved three times between 1625 and 1629, than he decided to rule alone. The Parliament was locked for 11 years - from 1629 to 1640 (Eleven Years Tyranny)).
wars with France, Spain, Scotland,
had to raise taxes as he needed the extensive funding for war. He did it by himself and without the support of Parliament.
In 1642, Charles tried to arrest 5 leading members of the Parliament. They escaped.

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The English Civil War
English Civil War started in 1642
The reasons:
Conflict between

the king and Parliament
The sides:
supporters of the king (the nobility and landowners)
supporters of the Parliament (common people in the towns and cities)

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The English Civil War
Peculiarities:
was not a long continuous war,
armies lacked

mobility,
were long periods when no fighting was taking place,
the weather was also a major determining factor in whether armies could fight or not.
Three major battles:
Edge Hill (1642) – both sides clamed to success,
Marston Moor (1644) – Charles I lost,
Naseby (1645) – Charles I lost.

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The English Civil War
Charles was tried at Westminster Hall in January

1649,
Charles was executed on January 30th, 1649,
the Commonwealth of England was introduced,
a Council of State replaced the monarchy,
Cromwell gained control over Ireland in 1649 and later Scotland in 1650,
The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was created in 1650,
in December 1653, Cromwell became Lord Protector.

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Oliver Cromwell
controversial figure in the history of the UK.
was very talented

military leader,
from 1653 to 1658 was “Lord Protector” but with more or less the same powers as a monarch.
Achievements:
he made England a republic, introduced the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland,
he ended illegal taxes such ship tax,
he ended the war Charles I began,
he established rules for Parliament,
he limited the power of the monarch in the long term.

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Oliver Cromwell
Failures:
he was cruel and brutal with opponents,
he ruled as a

military dictator,
his domestic policies had no radical reforms and were focused on protecting public morality through religion,
he restricted religious freedoms (entertainments such as theatre were closed, he banned Christmas and other religious holidays)
On September 3, 1658, Oliver Cromwell died and was buried at Westminster Abbey.

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The Restoration and Charles II
The term Restoration is used to describe

the event by which the monarchy was restored.
In 1660 Parliament offered to restore the monarchy and Charles agreed,
Charles returned to London to be crowned as Charles II (1660-85),
in 1660 England, Scottish and Irish were all restored under Charles II.

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The Restoration
The Restoration period was marked by:
an advance in colonization

and overseas trade,
the great plague (1665),
the great fire of London (1666),
a losing naval war with the Dutch,
the birth of the Whig and Tory parties,
reopening of the theatres,
revival of the drama.

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The 18th century Britain
1 May 1707, the Act of Union,
the

English Parliament and the Scottish Parliament passed an Act of Parliament simultaneously,
form the new combined Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain,
new parliament set at the Palace of Westminster.
Reasons:
the Scots needed financial support from England,
the English ensured that Scotland would not choose another monarch.

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The 18th century Britain
Sir Robert Walpole (1676-1745), the first “Prime Minister”,

developed the idea of the of Cabinet (as a group of ministers who took the actual control of administration from the Crown),
in the Parliament appeared a two-party system (Whigs and Tories).
Whigs supported the interests of the cities and towns,
Tories supported the interests of monarchy, aristocracy and were for old traditions.

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The 18th century Britain
invention of the steam engine by James Watt

in 1769,
end of the 18th century - Industrial Revolution (the use of machinery and steam power for the manufacture of goods).
The Industrial Revolution led to a rapid increase in national prosperity.

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The 18th century Britain. Social Changes
At the beginning of the 18th

century:
the population of England and Wales was 5,5 million,
A third of the total population lived in south-eastern England,
The birth-rate was low because killer diseases (smallpox, dysentery, consumption, and typhus),
Shortage of food, inadequate housing conditions
At the end of 18th century:
improvements in living conditions were made,
the population of England and Wales had almost doubled.
increased the production of food (potatoes, cheese, and fresh meat)
clothing and soap were cheaper than previously.
but about 80 per cent of the population remained poor.

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Independence of the USA
By the 18th century the British colonies fell

into three groups:
In the north was the New England group (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut); individual farmers, fishing and ship-building.
The Middle Colonies, (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware); farming, crafts, later manufacturing and trade.
The Southern Colonies (North and South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia and Georgia); large plantations growing tobacco, cotton and rice; depended on slavery.

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Слайд 20

Independence of the USA
The French and Indian War (1756-1763) known as

the Seven Years’ War.
The reasons and the results of the war:
The war was between the British and French colonies living in America.
The French and Indian War started because France wanted control over the Ohio River area, but Britain wouldn’t let them have it.
The British and colonists jointly over a common foe.
The war ended in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty meant that France had to give all of its American and Canadian territories back to Britain and Spain, and Spain also had to give up Florida.

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Слайд 21

American Revolution
After the war in the 1770s the colonists decided to

be independent. The reasons:
the compensation of the British war expenses: Britain insisted on the colonies’ paying taxes to the British budget, but the colonies refused “taxation without representation”,
by setting taxes so high, England was using the colonies as a source of income,
Britain decided to leave its troops in America,
the Americans believed that England’s leaders could not properly lead the American colonies from so far away.

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American Revolution
The colonies’ leaders decided to oppose the high taxes,
1773, “Boston

Tea Party”, demanded to remove the tax on tea,
1774, the First Continental Congress, agreed to boycott British goods and passed resolutions asserting colonial rights,
1775, The Second Continental Congress. On 2 July 1776 voted in favour of independence. On 4 July 1776, approved the Declaration of Independence. This day is officially recognized as the birth of America.

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Слайд 23

American Revolution
The Revolutionary War from 19 April 1775 to 3 September

1783.
The Treaty of Paris (1783, sign in Paris) left the United States independent,
In 1789 George Washington, a renowned hero of the American Revolutionary War, commander of the Continental Army, became the first President of the United States.

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The New World. Lecture 7

Содержание

Plan1. Discovering of America2. James I3. Charles I 4. The English

Discovering of AmericaChristopher Columbus, 1492, opened America to European exploration and

Discovering of Americaleft for America on September 16, 1620, ship Mayflower,105

James I In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James

James I Failures:was for royal absolutism,his conflicts with the Parliament set the

Charles I 1625,was a quiet person, had a stammer and was small

The English Civil War English Civil War started in 1642The reasons:Conflict between

The English Civil War Peculiarities:was not a long continuous war, armies lacked

The English Civil War Charles was tried at Westminster Hall in January

Oliver Cromwell controversial figure in the history of the UK.was very talented

Oliver Cromwell Failures:he was cruel and brutal with opponents,he ruled as a

The Restoration and Charles II The term Restoration is used to describe

The RestorationThe Restoration period was marked by: an advance in colonization

The 18th century Britain 1 May 1707, the Act of Union, the

The 18th century BritainSir Robert Walpole (1676-1745), the first “Prime Minister”,

The 18th century Britaininvention of the steam engine by James Watt

The 18th century Britain. Social Changes At the beginning of the 18th

Independence of the USA By the 18th century the British colonies fell

Independence of the USA The French and Indian War (1756-1763) known as

American RevolutionAfter the war in the 1770s the colonists decided to

American RevolutionThe colonies’ leaders decided to oppose the high taxes,1773, “Boston

American RevolutionThe Revolutionary War from 19 April 1775 to 3 September

Похожие презентации

Plan
1. Discovering of America
2. James I
3. Charles I
4. The English

Discovering of America
Christopher Columbus, 1492, opened America to European exploration and

Discovering of America
left for America on September 16, 1620, ship Mayflower,
105

James I
In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James

James I
Failures:
was for royal absolutism,
his conflicts with the Parliament set the

Charles I
1625,
was a quiet person, had a stammer and was small

The English Civil War
English Civil War started in 1642
The reasons:
Conflict between

The English Civil War
Peculiarities:
was not a long continuous war,
armies lacked

The English Civil War
Charles was tried at Westminster Hall in January

Oliver Cromwell
controversial figure in the history of the UK.
was very talented

Oliver Cromwell
Failures:
he was cruel and brutal with opponents,
he ruled as a

The Restoration and Charles II
The term Restoration is used to describe

The Restoration
The Restoration period was marked by:
an advance in colonization

The 18th century Britain
1 May 1707, the Act of Union,
the

The 18th century Britain
Sir Robert Walpole (1676-1745), the first “Prime Minister”,

The 18th century Britain
invention of the steam engine by James Watt

The 18th century Britain. Social Changes
At the beginning of the 18th

Independence of the USA
By the 18th century the British colonies fell

Independence of the USA
The French and Indian War (1756-1763) known as

American Revolution
After the war in the 1770s the colonists decided to

American Revolution
The colonies’ leaders decided to oppose the high taxes,
1773, “Boston

American Revolution
The Revolutionary War from 19 April 1775 to 3 September