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- 2. Benjamin Franklin ( January 6, 1705 – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers
- 3. Early life in Boston Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street, in Boston, Massachusetts, on January
- 4. Franklin's birthplace site directly across from Old South Meeting House on Milk Street is commemorated by
- 5. Philadelphia At age 17, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, seeking a new start in a
- 6. Newspaperman Upon Denham's death, Franklin returned to his former trade. In 1728, Franklin had set up
- 7. Benjamin Franklin (center) at work on a printing press. Reproduction of a Charles Mills painting by
- 8. Common-law marriage to Deborah Read In 1723, at the age of 17, Franklin proposed to 15-year-old
- 9. Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Wilson, 1759
- 10. Travels around Britain and Ireland Franklin used London as a base to travel. In 1771, he
- 11. Marble memorial statue, Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
- 12. Franklin struggled with obesity throughout his middle-aged and later years, which resulted in multiple health problems,
- 13. The grave of Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Benjamin Franklin ( January 6, 1705 – April 17, 1790) was
Benjamin Franklin ( January 6, 1705 – April 17, 1790) was
Early life in Boston
Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street, in
Early life in Boston
Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street, in
Josiah wanted Ben to attend school with the clergy, but only had enough money to send him to school for two years. He attended Boston Latin School but did not graduate; he continued his education through voracious reading. Although "his parents talked of the church as a career" for Franklin, his schooling ended when he was ten. He worked for his father for a time, and at 12 he became an apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who taught Ben the printing trade. When Ben was 15, James founded The New-England Courant, which was the first truly independent newspaper in the colonies.
Franklin's birthplace site directly across from Old South Meeting House on
Franklin's birthplace site directly across from Old South Meeting House on
Philadelphia
At age 17, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, seeking a
Philadelphia
At age 17, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, seeking a
Newspaperman
Upon Denham's death, Franklin returned to his former trade. In 1728,
Newspaperman
Upon Denham's death, Franklin returned to his former trade. In 1728,
In 1732, Ben Franklin published the first German language newspaper in America – Die Philadelphische Zeitung – although it failed after only one year, because four other newly founded German papers quickly dominated the newspaper market. Franklin printed Moravian religious books in German. Franklin often visited Bethlehem staying at the Moravian Sun Inn. In a 1751 pamphlet on demographic growth and its implications for the colonies, he called the Pennsylvania Germans "Palatine Boors" who could never acquire the "Complexion" of the English settlers and to "Blacks and Tawneys" as weakening the social structure of the colonies. Although Franklin apparently reconsidered shortly thereafter, and the phrases were omitted from all later printings of the pamphlet, his views may have played a role in his political defeat in 1764.
Benjamin Franklin (center) at work on a printing press. Reproduction of
Benjamin Franklin (center) at work on a printing press. Reproduction of
Common-law marriage to Deborah Read
In 1723, at the age of 17,
Common-law marriage to Deborah Read
In 1723, at the age of 17,
While Franklin was in London, his trip was extended, and there were problems with Sir William's promises of support. Perhaps because of the circumstances of this delay, Deborah married a man named John Rodgers. This proved to be a regrettable decision. Rodgers shortly avoided his debts and prosecution by fleeing to Barbados with her dowry, leaving Deborah behind. Rodgers's fate was unknown, and because of bigamy laws, Deborah was not free to remarry.Franklin established a common-law marriage with Deborah Read on September 1, 1730. They took in Franklin's young, recently acknowledged illegitimate son, William, and raised him in their household. In addition, they had two children together. The first, Francis Folger Franklin, born October 1732, died of smallpox in 1736. Their second child, Sarah Franklin, familiarly called Sally, was born in 1743. She eventually married Richard Bache, had seven children, and cared for her father in his old age.
Deborah's fear of the sea meant that she never accompanied Franklin on any of his extended trips to Europe, despite his repeated requests. She wrote to him in November 1769 saying she was ill due to "dissatisfied distress" from his prolonged absence, but he did not return until his business was done. Deborah Read Franklin died of a stroke in 1774, while Franklin was on an extended mission to England; he returned in 1775.
Deborah Read Franklin (c. 1759). Common-law wife of Benjamin Franklin
Sarah Franklin Bache (1743–1808). Daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Deborah Read
Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Wilson, 1759
Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Wilson, 1759
Travels around Britain and Ireland
Franklin used London as a base to
Travels around Britain and Ireland
Franklin used London as a base to
In Scotland, he spent five days with Lord Kames near Stirling and stayed for three weeks with David Hume in Edinburgh. In 1759, he visited Edinburgh with his son, and recalled his conversations there as "the densest happiness of my life". In February 1759, the University of St Andrews awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree, and in October of the same year he was granted Freedom of the Borough of St Andrews.
He had never been to Ireland before, and met and stayed with Lord Hillsborough, who he believed was especially attentive. Franklin noted of him that "all the plausible behaviour I have described is meant only, by patting and stroking the horse, to make him more patient, while the reins are drawn tighter, and the spurs set deeper into his sides."In Dublin, Franklin was invited to sit with the members of the Irish Parliament rather than in the gallery. He was the first American to receive this honor. While touring Ireland, he was moved by the level of poverty he saw. Ireland's economy was affected by the same trade regulations and laws of Britain that governed America. Franklin feared that America could suffer the same effects should Britain's "colonial exploitation" continue.
Marble memorial statue, Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
Marble memorial statue, Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
Franklin struggled with obesity throughout his middle-aged and later years, which
Franklin struggled with obesity throughout his middle-aged and later years, which
Benjamin Franklin died from pleuritic attack at his home in Philadelphia on April 17, 1790, at age 84. Approximately 20,000 people attended his funeral. He was interred in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. In 1728, aged 22, Franklin wrote what he hoped would be his own epitaph:
The Body of B. Franklin Printer; Like the Cover of an old Book, Its Contents torn out, And stript of its Lettering and Gilding, Lies here, Food for Worms. But the Work shall not be wholly lost: For it will, as he believ'd, appear once more, In a new & more perfect Edition, Corrected and Amended By the Author
The grave of Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The grave of Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania