Class 3

Август 21, 2022

Содержание

2. Agenda for Week Three
3. Current Events
4. Theoretical Approaches
6. Overview of Previous Theories Anarchy › self-help States are positional actors Relative gains Balance of power
7. Constructivism Response to neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism Late 1980s, early 1990s Alexander Wendt, John Ruggie, Nicolas
8. Constructivism Social facts are very real (ex: institutions, language, norms etc.) They are products of the
9. Constructivism Global affairs are laden with social facts: Anarchy During Cold War After Cold War Ex:
10. Constructivism Ideas and norms matter Thus, we need to pay attention to the intersubjective structure of
11. Constructivism Norms assign meaning to material facts Change in ideas can change behaviour Ideas and Norms
12. Constructivism States are not self-interested rational actors with fixed preference over time States are utility maximizers
13. Fundamental Differences Actors have clear and fixed preferences over outcomes Preference are not exogenously given, but
14. Constructivism Anarchy is what states make of it Logic of appropriateness not of consequences Identity is
15. Constructivism Interactions influences preference Ex. Trade negotiations: persuasive argumentation not just coercive bargaining Interactions
16. Inter-Subjective Understanding
17. Case Study: US Grand Strategy Towards Russia How would neorealists and neoliberal institutionalists explain the rising
18. Case Study: US Grand Strategy Towards Russia
19. Case Study: US Grand Strategy Towards Russia What would constructivists say about the US withdrawal from
20. Case Study: Shifting Perceptions in Russia
21. Case Study: Shifting Perceptions in Russia
22. Agenda for Week Three
23. Current Events
24. Feminist Approaches Feminist political theory Aftermath of Cold War J. Ann Tickner Samanta Power Cynthia Enloe
25. Feminist Approaches Set of socially constructed characterises that vary across time and places: Woman – Man
26. Feminist Approaches World is organized according to gendered categories: Masculinity Femininity These categories operate in a
27. Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgaOK74HqiA
28. Feminist Approaches Women underrepresentation in politics IR
29. Women underrepresentation IPU’s data for 2021 9 women heads of states 13 women heads of government
35. Women’s participation in parliament
36. Exercise How can we end gender discrimination? Legal means: Quotas Bans on discrimination Other means
38. Feminist Approaches Gendering Security Gendering the Economy
39. Feminist Approaches Myth of protection Redefinition of security: National security vs. individual security Sexual violence in
40. Feminist Approaches Gendered division of labour Non-remunerated work Pay gap Gendering the economy
41. Gender Representation at the Workforce
42. Gender Representation at the Workforce
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Слайд 2

Agenda for Week Three

Слайд 3

Current Events

Слайд 4

Theoretical Approaches

Слайд 5

Слайд 6

Overview of Previous Theories
Anarchy › self-help
States are positional actors
Relative gains
Balance

of power

States are rational actors: egotistic, but not envious
Absolute gains
IOs facilitate cooperation

Realism

Neo-Liberal Institutionalism

Слайд 7

Constructivism
Response to neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism
Late 1980s, early 1990s
Alexander

Wendt, John Ruggie, Nicolas Onuf, Martha Finnemore, Friedrich Kratochwil

HISTORY

MAIN PROPONENTS

Слайд 8

Constructivism
Social facts are very real (ex: institutions, language, norms etc.)
They are

products of the intersubjective (collective) held beliefs
Social facts have causal properties, while material facts are indeterminate

Social Facts

Слайд 9

Constructivism
Global affairs are laden with social facts:
Anarchy
During Cold War

After Cold War
Ex: Sovereignty
Treaty of Westphalia
Today R2P Norm

Social Facts

Слайд 10

Constructivism
Ideas and norms matter
Thus, we need to pay attention to the

intersubjective structure of meaning and not the structure of power

Main Claim

Слайд 11

Constructivism
Norms assign meaning to material facts
Change in ideas can change behaviour

Ideas and Norms

Слайд 12

Constructivism
States are not self-interested rational actors with fixed preference over time
States

are utility maximizers but perception of utility depends on intersubjective understanding

STATES

Слайд 13

Fundamental Differences
Actors have clear and fixed preferences over outcomes
Preference are not

exogenously given, but constructed
Interests cannot be assumed from behaviour, but must be explained
Perception matters

Rational Choice

Constructivism

Слайд 14

Constructivism
Anarchy is what states make of it
Logic of appropriateness not

of consequences
Identity is not prior to international society (no optimization prior to socialization)

INTERNATIONAL SOCIEITY

Слайд 15

Constructivism
Interactions influences preference
Ex. Trade negotiations: persuasive argumentation not just coercive bargaining

Interactions

Слайд 16

Inter-Subjective Understanding

Слайд 17

Case Study: US Grand Strategy Towards Russia
How would neorealists and neoliberal

institutionalists explain the rising US-Russia tensions?

How would constructivists explain the shift in US foreign policy towards Russia?

Rational choice approaches

Constructivism

Слайд 18

Case Study: US Grand Strategy Towards Russia

Слайд 19

Case Study: US Grand Strategy Towards Russia
What would constructivists say about

the US withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty?

Слайд 20

Case Study: Shifting Perceptions in Russia

Слайд 21

Case Study: Shifting Perceptions in Russia

Слайд 22

Agenda for Week Three

Слайд 23

Current Events

Слайд 24

Feminist Approaches
Feminist political theory
Aftermath of Cold War
J. Ann Tickner
Samanta

Power
Cynthia Enloe

HISTORY

MAIN PROPONENTS

Слайд 25

Feminist Approaches
Set of socially constructed characterises that vary across time and

places:
Woman – Man

Gender

Слайд 26

Feminist Approaches
World is organized according to gendered categories:
Masculinity
Femininity
These

categories operate in a hierarchical manner
They institutionalize certain inequalities

Gender

Слайд 27

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgaOK74HqiA

Слайд 28

Feminist Approaches
Women underrepresentation in politics
IR

Слайд 29

Women underrepresentation
IPU’s data for 2021
9 women heads of states
13 women

heads of government

Women Heads of State/Governments

Слайд 30

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Слайд 32

Слайд 33

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Слайд 35

Women’s participation in parliament

Слайд 36

Exercise
How can we end gender discrimination?
Legal means:
Quotas
Bans on

discrimination
Other means

Слайд 37

Слайд 38

Feminist Approaches
Gendering Security
Gendering the Economy

Слайд 39

Feminist Approaches
Myth of protection
Redefinition of security:
National security vs. individual security

Sexual violence in war
Human trafficking

Gendering security

Слайд 40

Feminist Approaches
Gendered division of labour
Non-remunerated work
Pay gap
Gendering the

economy

Слайд 41

Gender Representation at the Workforce

Слайд 42

Gender Representation at the Workforce

Слайд 43

Слайд 44