Biometrics Overview

Август 5, 2022

Содержание

3. Biometrics
4. Biometrics Overview Automated methods of identifying or verifying the identity of a person based on a
5. Biometrics Overview Verification Am I who I claim to be? Identification Who am I? Confirm or
6. Fingerprint Fingerprint Pattern Analysis Typical System: fingerprint scanner maps the series of whorls, ridges, furrows and
7. The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison of several features of the
8. The major Minutia features of fingerprint ridges are: ridge ending, bifurcation, and short ridge (or dot).
9. Facial Recognition Face characteristics analysis Typical system: digital video camera input of a person’s face images
10. Facial Recognition : Techniques Traditional Some facial recognition algorithms identify facial features by extracting landmarks, or
11. Hand Geometry Hand shape analysis and measurement Typical system: scanners with guidance pegs that position the
12. Iris Recognition Iris analysis Typical system: scanner analyzes the colored tissue around the pupil – 200
13. Visible light reveals rich pigmentation details of an Iris by exciting Melanin, the main colouring component
14. Retina Scanning Analysis of layer of blood vessels at the back of the eye Typical system:
15. The human retina is a thin tissue composed of neural cells that is located in the
16. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) A DNA sample is used to produce either a DNA fingerprint or a
17. Speaker Recognition Voice print analysis Typical system: uses the pitch, pattern, tone, rhythm of speech for
18. Verification versus Identification There are two major applications of speaker recognition technologies and methodologies. If the
19. Signature Recognition Signature recognition is a behavioural biometric. It can be operated in two different ways:
20. Comparison Chart Accuracy/Reliability Accuracy: How well can the specific biometric is able to tell individual apart
21. What Biometrics are Replacing Passwords PIN numbers Tokens Photo ID cards Smart cards Magnetic strip cards
22. Benefits of Biometrics - Increased security - Convenience - Opportunity to build a sustainable competitive advantage
23. For Employers For Employees Increased security measures due to lack of sharing passwords and identification cards
24. Concerns with Biometrics - Sensitive biometric information susceptible to hackers - Lack of privacy for employees
25. For Employers For Employees Biometric data is very sensitive and security of this information is vital
26. As with many emerging technologies, there are concerns with the abuse of biometric technology and identification.
27. The information gathered from The BITE project is helpful to understand the scope of how employees
28. Biometrics in Business Current Biometric Applications: Computer logins ATMs Grocery stores Airport kiosks Driver’s licenses Internet
29. Signature verification: Electronic commerce E-business essential factors for growth: Highly secure Trustworthy Speaker recognition: Large voice
30. Automobiles Replace keys for keyless entry and keyless ignition E-passports Passports with embedded chip containing person’s
31. Travel and Transport Biometrics is growing in the travel and transportation industry due to heightened security
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Biometrics

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Biometrics Overview
Automated methods of identifying or verifying the identity of a

person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic

What are Biometrics?

Physical:
Fingerprint
Facial Recognition
Hand Geometry
Iris Scan
Retinal Scan
DNA
Behavioral:
Speaker Recognition
Signature Recognition

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Biometrics Overview
Verification
Am I who I claim to be?
Identification
Who am I?
Confirm or

establish identity based on who person is
NOT what person possesses
ID card
NOT what person remembers
Password

2 ways to recognize a person:

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Fingerprint
Fingerprint Pattern Analysis
Typical System: fingerprint scanner maps the series of whorls,

ridges, furrows and minutiae on the surface of the finger
Applications:
Law Enforcement
Entry Devices for Buildings
Computer Network Access
New: grocery stores checkout,
ATM authorization
Softwares used :
C#, VB.Net, VB 6.0 etc

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The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison

of several features of the print pattern. These include patterns, which are aggregate characteristics of ridges, and minutia points, which are unique features found within the patterns.

Fingerprint : Background

Whorl

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The major Minutia features of fingerprint ridges are: ridge ending, bifurcation, and short

ridge (or dot). The ridge ending is the point at which a ridge terminates. Bifurcations are points at which a single ridge splits into two ridges. Short ridges (or dots) are ridges which are significantly shorter than the average ridge length on the fingerprint. Minutiae and patterns are very important in the analysis of fingerprints since no two fingers have been shown to be identical.

Fingerprint : Background

Ridge Ending

Bifurcation

Short Ridge (Dot)

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Facial Recognition
Face characteristics analysis
Typical system: digital video camera input of a

person’s face images - measures facial structure; compares against database
Principle: analysis of the unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.
Applications:
Law enforcement
Automated bank tellers- user verification purposes

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Facial Recognition : Techniques
Traditional
Some facial recognition algorithms identify facial features by extracting landmarks,

or features, from an image of the subject's face, for example, the relative position, size, and/or shape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, and jaw. These features are then used to search for other images with matching features.
3-D Recognition
This technique uses 3D sensors to capture information about the shape of a face. This information is then used to identify distinctive features on the surface of a face, such as the contour of the eye sockets, nose, and chin.
One advantage of 3D facial recognition is that it is not affected by changes in lighting like other techniques. It can also identify a face from a range of viewing angles.
Skin Texture Analysis
Another emerging trend uses the visual details of the skin, as captured in standard digital or scanned images. This technique, called skin texture analysis, turns the unique lines, patterns, and spots apparent in a person’s skin into a mathematical space. Increases performance by 20 to 25 percent.

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Hand Geometry
Hand shape analysis and measurement
Typical system: scanners with guidance pegs

that position the hand property for analysis
A camera captures an image of the hand, with the help of a mirror to get also the edge. The silhouette/shape of the hand is extracted, and some geometrical characteristics stored.
Applications:
Access Control for Airports
Immigration facilities
Day Care Centers
Time & Attendance Operations

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Iris Recognition
Iris analysis
Typical system: scanner analyzes the colored tissue around the

pupil – 200 points: rings, furrows, freckles
Applications:
Law Enforcement
Employee Security Check

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Visible light reveals rich pigmentation details of an Iris by exciting Melanin,

the main colouring component in the iris.

Iris Recognition

Pigmentation of the Iris is much less visible due to the negligible effects of Melanin at longer wavelengths in the NIR spectrum

Visible Wavelength Iris Image

Near Infrared (NIR) version

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Retina Scanning
Analysis of layer of blood vessels at the back of

the eye
Typical system: low-intensity light source and an optical coupler; the user needs to remove glasses, keep the eye focused on the light, 15 seconds
Applications:
High-end security: military etc.
Used for authentication and identification purposes

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The human retina is a thin tissue composed of neural cells that is located in the posterior

portion of the eye. Because of the complex structure of the capillaries that supply the retina with blood, each person's retina is unique. The network of blood vessels in the retina is so complex that even identical twins do not share a similar pattern.
A biometric identifier known as a retinal scan is used to map the unique patterns of a person's retina. The blood vessels within the retina absorb light more readily than the surrounding tissue and are easily identified with appropriate lighting. A retinal scan is performed by casting an unperceived beam of low-energy infrared light into a person’s eye as they look through the scanner's eyepiece. This beam of light traces a standardized path on the retina. Because retinal blood vessels are more absorbent of this light than the rest of the eye, the amount of reflection varies during the scan. The pattern of variations is converted to computer code and stored in a database.

Retina Scanning

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
A DNA sample is used to produce either a

DNA fingerprint or a DNA profile
DNA has been called the “ultimate identifier”
Identifies information from every cell in the body in a digital form
Not yet fully automated, not fast and expensive
Applications:
Medical applications
Paternity Tests
Criminal identification and forensics
Commercial applications limited

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Speaker Recognition
Voice print analysis
Typical system: uses the pitch, pattern, tone, rhythm

of speech for identification purposes; only biometric that allows users to authenticate remotely
Applications:
Call Centers
Law enforcement – house arrest authentication
Electronic commerce
Customer authentication for service calls

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Verification versus Identification
There are two major applications of speaker recognition technologies and methodologies.

If the speaker claims to be of a certain identity and the voice is used to verify this claim, this is called verification or authentication. On the other hand, identification is the task of determining an unknown speaker's identity. In a sense speaker verification is a 1:1 match where one speaker's voice is matched to one template (also called a "voice print" or "voice model") whereas speaker identification is a 1:N match where the voice is compared against N templates.
Variants of Speaker Recognition
Each speaker recognition system has two phases: Enrollment and verification. During enrollment, the speaker's voice is recorded and typically a number of features are extracted to form a voice print, template, or model. In the verification phase, a speech sample or "utterance" is compared against a previously created voice print. For identification systems, the utterance is compared against multiple voice prints in order to determine the best match(es) while verification systems compare an utterance against a single voice print. Because of the process involved, verification is faster than identification.

Speaker Recognition

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Signature Recognition
Signature recognition is a behavioural biometric. It can be operated in two

different ways:
Static: In this mode, users write their signature on paper, digitize it through an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the signature analyzing its shape. This group is also known as “off-line”.
Dynamic: In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet, which acquires the signature in real time. Another possibility is the acquisition by means of stylus-operated PDAs. Dynamic recognition is also known as “on-line”.
Applications
Access to documents
Execution of contracts
Banking services

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Comparison Chart Accuracy/Reliability
Accuracy: How well can the specific biometric is able

to tell individual apart
Reliability: how dependable the specific biometric is for recognition purposes

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What Biometrics are Replacing
Passwords
PIN numbers
Tokens
Photo ID cards
Smart cards
Magnetic strip cards
Physical keys
Key

chains

Traditional verification methods:

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Benefits of Biometrics
- Increased security
- Convenience
- Opportunity to build a sustainable

competitive advantage
- Growing technology and advancement

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For Employers
For Employees
Increased security measures due to lack of sharing passwords

and identification cards
Reduce costs of password and ID card maintenance
Reduce payroll costs of “buddy punching” timecards
Sustainable competitive advantage for businesses – advanced technology to ensure security for clientele
Ability to track employees and link activities

Convenience – no passwords to forget
Eliminate problems of long passwords and lost/stolen identification cards and PIN numbers
Faster login time
Improved security of sensitive information

Benefits of Biometrics

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Concerns with Biometrics
- Sensitive biometric information susceptible to hackers
- Lack of

privacy for employees
- Costly and time consuming to implement

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For Employers
For Employees
Biometric data is very sensitive and security of this

information is vital – more susceptible to hackers
It is possible to steal fingerprints by using the “latent fingerprint” – residue left from touching a surface
Text-based voice recognition may have errors identifying individuals if their voice changes
Biometrics can’t be used with certain groups such as people with disabilities
Biometrics, like all other security identification methods, is not foolproof
Biometric systems costly and time consuming to implement

Biometrics can seem intrusive to employees – intrudes on personal space
Employees may be reluctant to change
Biometric identification cannot work with all employees, such as disabled individuals
Employees scared of biometric information to be abused or stolen

Concerns with Biometrics

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As with many emerging technologies, there are concerns with the abuse

of biometric technology and identification.
The BITE Project (Biometric Identification Technology Ethics) is a team in Europe that looks at the social, cultural and ethical factors arising from emerging biometric identification technologies.

Concerns with Biometrics

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The information gathered from The BITE project is helpful to understand

the scope of how employees view biometric technology and their concerns of ethics and privacy.
99.51% surveyed feel the general public is not clearly or poorly informed of biometrics
82.09% feel that biometrics can potentially used to discriminate against ethnic/cultural/racial/religious groups
86.26% feel biometrics should not be permitted to use information to create its own profile of the individual’s habits and activities

Concerns with Biometrics

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Biometrics in Business
Current Biometric Applications:
Computer logins
ATMs
Grocery stores
Airport kiosks
Driver’s licenses
Internet banking
National ID

cards
Welfare disbursement
International border crossing
Forensics – criminal identification
Annual amusement park pass holders
Speaker verification for television home shopping

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Signature verification:
Electronic commerce
E-business essential factors for growth:
Highly secure
Trustworthy
Speaker recognition:
Large voice processing

Verify customer during transactions via telephone

Fingerprint identification:
Social services
Background checks
Criminal identification

Biometrics in Business

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Automobiles
Replace keys for keyless entry and keyless ignition
E-passports
Passports with embedded chip

containing person’s facial image and other traits

Other biometric technology being used:

Biometrics in Business

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Travel and Transport
Biometrics is growing in the travel and transportation industry

due to heightened security measures since 9/11
Examples of how biometrics will be used in the future:
Identification of employees in secure areas at airports, ports
Identification of passengers and monitor of international travel against illegal immigrants
Surveillance of individuals in terminals in regards to criminal activities
Visa control

Biometrics in Business

Biometrics Overview

Содержание

Biometrics

Biometrics OverviewAutomated methods of identifying or verifying the identity of a

Biometrics OverviewVerificationAm I who I claim to be?IdentificationWho am I?Confirm or

FingerprintFingerprint Pattern AnalysisTypical System: fingerprint scanner maps the series of whorls,

The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison

The major Minutia features of fingerprint ridges are: ridge ending, bifurcation, and short

Facial RecognitionFace characteristics analysisTypical system: digital video camera input of a

Facial Recognition : TechniquesTraditionalSome facial recognition algorithms identify facial features by extracting landmarks,

Hand GeometryHand shape analysis and measurementTypical system: scanners with guidance pegs

Iris RecognitionIris analysisTypical system: scanner analyzes the colored tissue around the

Visible light reveals rich pigmentation details of an Iris by exciting Melanin,

Retina ScanningAnalysis of layer of blood vessels at the back of

The human retina is a thin tissue composed of neural cells that is located in the posterior

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)A DNA sample is used to produce either a

Speaker RecognitionVoice print analysisTypical system: uses the pitch, pattern, tone, rhythm

Verification versus IdentificationThere are two major applications of speaker recognition technologies and methodologies.

Signature RecognitionSignature recognition is a behavioural biometric. It can be operated in two

Comparison Chart Accuracy/ReliabilityAccuracy: How well can the specific biometric is able

What Biometrics are ReplacingPasswordsPIN numbersTokensPhoto ID cardsSmart cardsMagnetic strip cardsPhysical keysKey

Benefits of Biometrics- Increased security- Convenience- Opportunity to build a sustainable

For EmployersFor EmployeesIncreased security measures due to lack of sharing passwords

Concerns with Biometrics- Sensitive biometric information susceptible to hackers- Lack of

For EmployersFor EmployeesBiometric data is very sensitive and security of this

As with many emerging technologies, there are concerns with the abuse

The information gathered from The BITE project is helpful to understand

Biometrics in BusinessCurrent Biometric Applications:Computer loginsATMsGrocery storesAirport kiosksDriver’s licensesInternet bankingNational ID

Signature verification:Electronic commerceE-business essential factors for growth:Highly secureTrustworthySpeaker recognition:Large voice processing

AutomobilesReplace keys for keyless entry and keyless ignitionE-passportsPassports with embedded chip

Travel and TransportBiometrics is growing in the travel and transportation industry

Похожие презентации

Biometrics Overview
Automated methods of identifying or verifying the identity of a

Biometrics Overview
Verification
Am I who I claim to be?
Identification
Who am I?
Confirm or

Fingerprint
Fingerprint Pattern Analysis
Typical System: fingerprint scanner maps the series of whorls,

Facial Recognition
Face characteristics analysis
Typical system: digital video camera input of a

Facial Recognition : Techniques
Traditional
Some facial recognition algorithms identify facial features by extracting landmarks,

Hand Geometry
Hand shape analysis and measurement
Typical system: scanners with guidance pegs

Iris Recognition
Iris analysis
Typical system: scanner analyzes the colored tissue around the

Retina Scanning
Analysis of layer of blood vessels at the back of

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
A DNA sample is used to produce either a

Speaker Recognition
Voice print analysis
Typical system: uses the pitch, pattern, tone, rhythm

Verification versus Identification
There are two major applications of speaker recognition technologies and methodologies.

Signature Recognition
Signature recognition is a behavioural biometric. It can be operated in two

Comparison Chart Accuracy/Reliability
Accuracy: How well can the specific biometric is able

What Biometrics are Replacing
Passwords
PIN numbers
Tokens
Photo ID cards
Smart cards
Magnetic strip cards
Physical keys
Key

Benefits of Biometrics
- Increased security
- Convenience
- Opportunity to build a sustainable

For Employers
For Employees
Increased security measures due to lack of sharing passwords

Concerns with Biometrics
- Sensitive biometric information susceptible to hackers
- Lack of

For Employers
For Employees
Biometric data is very sensitive and security of this

Biometrics in Business
Current Biometric Applications:
Computer logins
ATMs
Grocery stores
Airport kiosks
Driver’s licenses
Internet banking
National ID

Signature verification:
Electronic commerce
E-business essential factors for growth:
Highly secure
Trustworthy
Speaker recognition:
Large voice processing

Automobiles
Replace keys for keyless entry and keyless ignition
E-passports
Passports with embedded chip

Travel and Transport
Biometrics is growing in the travel and transportation industry