The system of state bodies of India

TERM OF OFFICE , FUNCTIONS ,TERMINATION OF HIS OFFICE 2. LEGISLATIVE POWER- PARLIAMENT, QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES ,MANNER OF FORMATION/ELECTION , FUNCTIONS. 3. EXECUTIVE POWER - GOVERNMENT (COUNCIL OF MINISTERS ETC.), FUNCTIONS. 4. JUDICIAL POWER - COURTS SYSTEM

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA, IS THE HEAD OF STATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIARAM NATH KOVIND IS AN INDIAN LAWYER AND POLITICIAN SERVING AS THE 14TH AND CURRENT PRESIDENT OF INDIA SINCE HIS INAUGURATION IN 2017. ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 58 OF THE CONSTITUTION, NO PERSON SHALL BE ELIGIBLE FOR ELECTION AS PRESIDENT UNLESS HE IS A CITIZEN OF INDIA, HAS COMPLETED THE AGE OF THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AND IS QUALIFIED FOR ELECTION AS A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE. A PERSON SHALL NOT BE ELIGIBLE IF HE HOLDS ANY OFFICE OF PROFIT UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

(INDIA).THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA IS INDIRECTLY ELECTED BY AN ELECTORAL COLLEGE CONSISTING OF THE ELECTED MEMBERS OF BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, THE ELECTED MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES OF THE 28 STATES AND THE ELECTED MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES OF THE UNION TERRITORIES OF DELHI, PUDUCHERRY AND JAMMU AND KASHMIR. THE NOMINATION OF A CANDIDATE FOR ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT MUST BE SUBSCRIBED BY AT LEAST 50 ELECTORS AS PROPOSERS AND 50 ELECTORS AS SECONDERS. THE ELECTION IS HELD BY MEANS OF A SECRET BALLOT UNDER THE INSTANT-RUNOFF VOTING SYSTEM.

HOLD OFFICE FOR A TERM OF FIVE YEARS FROM THE DATE HE TAKES UP HIS POST. HE MAY RESIGN FROM HIS OFFICE BY WRITING HIS RESIGNATION TO THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA. BUT, HE WILL CONTINUE TO HOLD HIS OFFICE, IN SPITE OF TENDERING HIS RESIGNATION, UNTIL HIS SUCCESSOR TAKES UP HIS OFFICE. THE PRESIDENT MAY BE REMOVED BEFORE THE EXPIRY OF THE TERM THROUGH IMPEACHMENT FOR VIOLATING THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA BY THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA. THE PROCESS MAY START IN EITHER OF THE TWO HOUSES OF THE PARLIAMENT. THE HOUSE INITIATES THE PROCESS BY LEVELLING THE CHARGES AGAINST THE PRESIDENT. THE CHARGES ARE CONTAINED IN A NOTICE THAT HAS TO BE SIGNED BY AT LEAST ONE-QUARTER OF THE TOTAL MEMBERS OF THAT HOUSE. THE NOTICE IS SENT UP TO THE PRESIDENT AND 14 DAYS LATER, IT IS TAKEN UP FOR CONSIDERATION.

PRESIDENT HAS THE POWER TO DISSOLVE THE LOK SABHA.A BILL THAT HAS BEEN PASSED BY BOTH THE HOUSES OF THE PARLIAMENT CAN BECOME A LAW ONLY IF IT RECEIVES THE PRESIDENT. (SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS). THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA HAS THE POWER TO NOMINATE 12 MEMBERS TO THE RAJYA SABHA WHO HAVE MADE EXTRAORDINARY ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE, ART, LITERATURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE.THE PRESIDENT HAS THE POWER TO SEND A BILL BACK TO THE PARLIAMENT UNLESS IT IS A MONEY BILL OR CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT BILL.HE PARLIAMENT CAN GRANT ADDITIONAL POWERS TO THE PRESIDENT IF IT DEEMS FIT AND THESE POWERS CAN BE FURTHER DELEGATED BY THE PRESIDENT TO STATE GOVERNORS.

LESS THAN 25 YEARS OLD ● A PERSON MUST BE AN ELECTOR FOR ANY LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCY IN THAT STATE ACCORDING TO THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1951 ● A PERSON MUST NOT HOLD ANY OFFICE OF PROFIT UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OR THE GOVERNMENT OF ANY STATE OTHER THAN THAT OF A MINISTER FOR THE INDIAN UNION ● A PERSON MUST BE OF A SOUND MIND ● ACCORDING TO THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1951, A PERSON CANNOT REMAIN AN MLA IF THAT PERSON HAS BEEN CONVICTED BY A COURT OR FOUND GUILTY IN ANY PARTICULAR INSTANCE.

IN HIS NAME. HE HAS THE AUTHORITY TO MAKE RULES GOVERNING HOW ORDERS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS MADE AND EXECUTED IN HIS NAME MUST BE AUTHENTICATED. HE HAS THE AUTHORITY TO MAKE RULES FOR THE MORE EFFICIENT TRANSACTION OF UNION GOVERNMENT BUSINESS, AS WELL AS THE ALLOCATION OF SAID BUSINESS AMONG MINISTERS. THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF EXECUTIVE IS TO ENFORCE LAWS AND TO MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER IN THE STATE. WHENEVER A BREACH OF LAW TAKES PLACE, IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE EXECUTIVE TO PLUG THE BREACH AND BRING THE OFFENDERS TO BOOK. EACH GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAWS AND POLICIES CONCERNING ITS WORK. FOR MAINTAINING LAW AND ORDER IN THE STATE, THE EXECUTIVE ORGANISES AND MAINTAINS THE POLICE FORCE.

JUDICIAL SERVICE, THOSE INTENDED TO FILL THE POST OF DISTRICT JUDGE AND OTHER CIVIL JUDICIAL POSTS INFERIOR TO DISTRICT JUDGE.THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF INDIA IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE LEVELS WITH SUBSIDIARY PARTS. THE SUPREME COURT, ALSO KNOWN AS THE APEX COURT, IS THE TOP COURT AND THE LAST APPELLATE COURT IN INDIA. THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA IS ITS TOP AUTHORITY. HIGH COURTS ARE THE TOP JUDICIAL BODIES IN THE STATES, CONTROLLED AND MANAGED BY CHIEF JUSTICES OF STATES. BELOW THE HIGH COURTS ARE DISTRICT COURTS, ALSO KNOWN AS SUBORDINATE COURTS, THAT ARE CONTROLLED AND MANAGED BY THE DISTRICT & SESSIONS JUDGES.

AN ENORMOUS (2ND LARGEST IN THE WORLD) POPULATION AND IT HAS A VERY STRONG LEGAL SYSTEM THAT IS INGRAINED WITH THE STRUCTURE OF THE VARIOUS COURTS AND THE WHOLE JUDICIAL SYSTEM IS ARRANGED IN HIERARCHICAL ORDER. THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF COURTS IN INDIA, I.E., SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURT, DISTRICT COURT, AND SUBORDINATE COURTS. THE SEAT OF THE SUPREME COURT IS IN NEW DELHI. THERE ARE 25 HIGH COURTS IN INDIA AS OF NOW, THE NEWEST ONE IS ANDHRA PRADESH HIGH COURT. EACH DISTRICT OF INDIA HAS A DISTRICT COURT.