Содержание
- 2. Society – cleavages: We may say that politics is located in the society… Political science is
- 3. Society – cleavages: Social cleavage = long-term (structural) division /conflict within a country’s society; examples: between
- 4. Society – cleavages: such social cleavages often “translate” into political cleavages - i.e. the different social
- 5. Cleavages – the case of Ukraine:
- 6. Cleavages – the case of the United States:
- 7. Political parties: many of such cleavages are reflected in different ideologies and in different types of
- 8. Political parties: What are political parties? = groups of people /organizations that mobilize voters around a
- 9. Political parties (optional but useful): political party political scientists say that organized political parties serve two
- 10. Political parties: What do political parties do? – a summary: – in established democracies : compete
- 11. Political parties: Types of political parties: leftist, rightist, centrist – i.e. by their position on the
- 12. Political parties: Another possible classification (typology): radical /or extremist/ parties banned in many countries vs. moderate
- 13. Political parties – types (optional): Political scientists distinguish 3 different models of party organization: Elite (=
- 14. Political parties: an example of a ideology-based political party: environmental /Green parties emphasize “post-material” values, esp.
- 15. Political parties (optional): populism populist parties /leaders offer simple solutions to difficult problems promote policies which
- 16. Political party system: In some countries, only one party dominates the political system, in most other
- 17. Political party system: Political party systems: There are three basic types of party systems: (1) multiparty
- 18. Political party systems: in the two-party system - two significant contenders for power, either is capable
- 19. Political party systems - RKZ (optional): Note: this news is already outdated, but shows well how
- 20. Elections and electoral systems: Elections = the electorate* a political institution (also: decision-making process or mechanism)
- 21. Elections and electoral systems: Some issues: Elections as a political right… - suffrage / franchise (=
- 22. Elections and electoral systems /Political “marketing” /electoral campaigns…
- 23. Elections and electoral systems:
- 24. Electoral systems: Electoral systems different countries use different types of electoral systems to select their representatives…
- 25. Electoral systems: 1. the plurality /majority systems the plurality (or “first-past-the-post” or “winner-takes- all”) is a
- 26. Electoral systems: the plurality /majority systems are an advantage for strong parties 2 parties are likely
- 27. Electoral systems: 2. the proportional system voters vote for a party, seats are allocated to candidates
- 28. Electoral systems: 3. the semi-proportional system e. g. mixed-member-proportional (MPP) = system in which voters cast
- 29. Comparative electoral systems (optional) – but remember one example for each “general type”:
- 30. Comparative electoral systems (optional):
- 31. The electoral system in Germany (optional): Into the lower chamber, the Bundestag, a half of the
- 32. Elections:
- 35. Voter turnout: voter turnout = a number of people as %-age of all eligible voters who
- 36. Elections and fraud (optional): In some countries, elections are often not free & fair… What might
- 37. Elections & Political Science: Summary: What we study in political science when we study elections: electoral
- 38. Elections & Political Science (optional): Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect
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