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- 2. American architecture is the amalgamation of many disparate and sometimes contradictory transplanted cultures: from northern, central
- 3. Four periods of development are distinguished in the history of American architecture: The colonial period: 1500
- 4. The Colonial Period: 1500 to 1783 Each group of colonists erected buildings reminiscent of those in
- 5. During the colonial period, America lacked the kind of architecturally educated patrons who might sponsor the
- 6. By the start of the 18th century, all the colonies along the Atlantic seaboard had come
- 7. It made possible the use of sophisticated classical ornament in England and the ornament that began
- 8. Nationhood and after: 1783 to 1815 The years from about 1780 to 1820 are often called
- 9. Charles Bulfinch (1763 – 1844). He is considered to be one of the main representatives of
- 10. Bulfinch influenced New England domestic architecture – he was the first to use curved staircases. He
- 11. Thomas Jefferson(1743 – 1826). Founding Father Jefferson of Virginia took a very different view, however; he
- 12. The Roman architecture possessed a clarity and mathematical precision in its proportions that appealed to Jefferson’s
- 13. In that period James Hoban (1762 – 1831) made a valuable contribution to the history of
- 14. Two interconnected processes influenced the development of American architecture in the beginning of 19th century: the
- 15. The American Greek Revival began about 1818. As a result of a desire for allusions, such
- 16. The Greek Revival style soon received a challenge from the Gothic Revival, a romantic style of
- 17. Another prominent architect of this period was Alexander Jackson Davis (1803 – 1892). He designed many
- 18. But in the beginning of the 19th century American architects faced the problem, which was inherent
- 19. Industrial development had two significant impacts on construction: mass production of new building materials such as
- 20. With the rapid development of new towns and cities in the Midwest, the traditional method of
- 21. The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City perhaps best demonstrates the scale of building made possible
- 22. Architecture in the Second Empire Style, patterned after work at the time in Paris, represented classical
- 23. High Victorian Gothic architecture, inspired by contemporary work in England and by the critical writing of
- 24. Henry Richardson (1838 – 1886) managed to assimilate various European influences and create a highly personal
- 25. A great contribution to the architecture of the 19th century belonged to Robert Mills and Thomas
- 26. Innovation and tradition: 1890 to 1920 American architecture in the years between 1890 and 1920 was
- 27. Public Buildings. The spirit of grandeur in building prompted many cities to erect grand public buildings
- 28. One of their best was the spacious Pennsylvania Station (1902 – 1910) in New York City.
- 29. Prairie Houses. Another entirely new American building type was the suburban, detached single-family residence. This building
- 30. Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 – 1959) is widely considered the greatest American architect. He built a
- 31. Frank Lloyd Wright’s prairie style work, published in Germany in 1911, had exerted a strong influence
- 32. Office Towers. An American business grew, the need for urban office space expanded. The invention of
- 33. The first modern steel-frame buildings were designed by Louis Henry Sullivan. Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 –
- 34. Besides the invention of skyscrapers, this period is famous for creation of Golden Gate Bridge –
- 35. The Modern Movement: from 1920 From 1919 on, a small group of architects in Europe had
- 36. The building’s lack of historical ornament, its smooth and polished stone surfaces, and its large planes
- 37. Functionalism became the most prevailing style of buildings during much of the 20th century. It is
- 38. Postmodernism. Postmodern architecture ranges from work that closely resembles the International Style, with its elimination of
- 39. Deconstructivism. Some architectural theorists developed the idea of deconstruction in architecture in the late 1970s. In
- 40. LIST OF TERMS art deco (art moderne) – a style of design popular during the 1920s
- 41. deconstructivism – involves the dismantling of architectural elements and the rearrangement of their constituent parts; most
- 42. Georgian architecture – the various styles in the architecture, interior design, and decorative arts of Britain
- 43. Neoclassicism – an influential movement that began in 1760s. In arose partly as a reaction against
- 44. International Style – rejection of historical styles and emphasizing establishing as the pure utilitarian functionalism. International
- 45. postmodern architecture – ranges from work that closely resembles the International Style, with its elimination of
- 46. Richardsonian Romanesque – a free and strongly personal interpretation of Romanesque design by Henry Hobson Richardson
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