CNLC International Kazakhstan

Содержание

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Scope of Services

Scope of Services

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«CNLC International Kazakhstan Inc» LLP is one of leading oilfield service

«CNLC International Kazakhstan Inc» LLP is one of leading oilfield service

companies. The Company was founded in August 2002. Company head office is located in Almaty, has 5 branches in Aktobe, Kyzylorda, Aktau, Atyrau and Zaisan. Technical services provided by company are positively recognized by Kazakhstan oil companies.
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Providing of major wireline logging services in Kazakhstan: Openhole wireline logging;

Providing of major
wireline logging services
in Kazakhstan:

Openhole wireline logging;
Casedhole wireline

logging;
Perforation;
Mud logging;
Well testing
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WAREHOUSE FOR 6 SET OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES EXPLOSIVE GOODS WAREHOUSE WITH

WAREHOUSE FOR 6 SET OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES

EXPLOSIVE GOODS WAREHOUSE WITH STORAGE

CAPACITY OF EXPLOSIVES FOR 100000 SHOOTS

Temporary explosive good storages

ZHANAZHOL BASE IS MAIN BASE, WHERE LOCATED WAREHOUSE FOR 6 SET OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES AND EXPLOSIVE GOODS WAREHOUSE WITH STORAGE CAPACITY OF EXPLOSIVES FOR 100000 SHOOTS.

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Presentation Topic: Research&Development; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well

Presentation Topic:

Research&Development;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering

services;
CBL and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.
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Research work (abbr. - R & D) is a scientific work

Research work (abbr. - R & D) is a scientific work

related to scientific research, research, experiments in order to expand existing knowledge and obtain new knowledge, to test scientific hypotheses, to establish regularities that are manifested in nature and in society, scientific generalizations, scientific substantiation of projects
The main result of research is the report on the implementation of scientific research, it is also possible to create mock-ups, as opposed to development work, which results in a prototype product, design documentation or a new technology.
In accordance with contract for the performance of scientific research, the contractor undertakes to conduct scientific research, determined by the technical task of the customer, the customer undertakes to accept and pay for the work.

Research Works (R&D)

Terms of the contract for the performance of scientific research should comply
with laws and other legal acts on intellectual property.

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RESEARCH REPORTS/MATERIALS RENDERED TO CUSTOMERS INCLUDES: Influencing factors of low oil

RESEARCH REPORTS/MATERIALS RENDERED TO CUSTOMERS INCLUDES:
Influencing factors of low oil rates

and a large drop in oil production and proposed options for regulation;
Techniques of oil reservoir engineering, detailed geological models and numerical modeling, determination of rational limits of technical operation policy;
Tracking the dynamics of production of the deposit, providing a proposal for measures to regulate production wells;
In combination with the distribution characteristics of reservoirs, oil and water, the design of well placement options;
BACKGROUND DATA
(ON THE BASIS OF WHICH FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED):
Static parameters: complex logging curves, stratification parameters, perforation parameters and basic parameters of oil reservoir interpretation, physical properties at high pressure and analysis of core parameters;
Dynamic parameters: parameters of well testing, daily reports of water-oil wells, monthly reports;
Control parameters: annual temperature data, pressure control data; laboratory data on the analysis of oil and water;
Advances in preliminary research ...

Research & Development

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To carry out these works, it is necessary to possess: Accreditation

To carry out these works, it is necessary to possess:
Accreditation certificate

for the Test Laboratory accredited by the National Accreditation Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (issued by the Committee for Technical Regulation and Metrology of the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
The license for scientific research with subspecies:
Preparation of feasibility studies for hydrocarbon deposits;
Preparation of technological regulations for hydrocarbon deposits;
Drawing up project documents for hydrocarbon deposits;
Design (technological) of petrochemical industries.
3)A license for activities related to trafficking in precursors.

Research Works (R&D)

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The results of the research on each topic contain 80 -

The results of the research on each topic contain 80 -

100 pages in the PPT format.

Research Works (R&D)

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R&D Service Experience: The Contracts concluded in 2012 – 2018 y.:

R&D Service Experience:
The Contracts concluded in 2012 – 2018 y.:

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R&D Service Experience: The Contracts concluded in 2012 – 2018 y.:

R&D Service Experience:
The Contracts concluded in 2012 – 2018 y.:

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R&D; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and

R&D;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services;
CBL

and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.

Presentation Topic:

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Core is a sample of rock extracted from a well by


Core is a sample of rock extracted from a

well by means of a specially designed drilling type. It often represents a cylindrical column (column) of rock that is strong enough to maintain solidity.
It is a primary source of information on the geological structure of subsoil, sedimentation conditions and the material composition of rocks.

In most cases, the core is sampled when drilling a rock with a hollow steel pipe, called a core pipe, and the core drilling itself is core drilling. Inside the core pipe is the core receiver (sampler). The core receiver consists mainly of a head, a core-receiving tube and a core cutter.

Core

The core diameter is usually from 4.45 to 13.3 cm (1.75 to 5.25 inches), they are drilled in fragments of 10 m (30 ft).

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Core is jammed, torn from the bottomCore is jammed, torn from

Core is jammed, torn from the bottomCore is jammed, torn from

the bottom and raised to the surface. After removing the core from the pipe, it is decomposed into core boxes in a strict sequence of finding it in the geological section of the well.
The entire raised core is described in detail and transferred to storage in a core storage facility.
Further, the core is examined and analyzed (chemical, spectral, petrographic and other analyzes) in the laboratory using various methods and on different equipment, depending on what data should be obtained.

Core analysis allows to obtain the data necessary to perform an analysis of those properties that can not be estimated only by well logging measurements.

Core Analysis:

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Routine Core Analysis laboratories perform a number of services, such as

Routine Core Analysis laboratories perform a number of services, such as

gamma core logging, to correlate the depth of core sampling with the depth of logging measurements in the well, computed tomography of core to study heterogeneity, and photograph cores for documentation and description.
For a more detailed study of some characteristics of the reservoir, special core analyzes are carried out.
Special Core Analysis Labs (SCAL) are equipped with measuring instruments for determining capillary pressure, phase permeability, electrical characteristics, the degree of deterioration of reservoir properties, NMR relaxation time, oil recovery factor, and other parameters used to calibrate logs.

Core Analysis:

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Core Analysis The results of standard and special studies. Correlation of

Core Analysis

The results of standard and special studies.
Correlation of core to

Wireline logging data, statistical analysis

Correlation Curve

Statistical Data

Visualization of cuttings

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Core Analysis To carry out these works, it is necessary to

Core Analysis

To carry out these works, it is necessary to posses:

A license for activities related to trafficking in precursors.
The license for the design (technological) and (or) operation of mining (exploration, mining, petrochemical production, operation of gas mains, oil pipelines, oil product pipelines in oil and gas)
Permits for the use of equipment (for working with a core).
Accreditation certificate for the Testing Laboratory accredited by the National Accreditation Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (issued by the Committee for Technical Regulation and Metrology of the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
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Core Analysis The Contracts concluded in 2015 - 2019:

Core Analysis

The Contracts concluded in 2015 - 2019:

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R&D; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and

R&D;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services;
CBL

and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.

Presentation Topic:

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FORMATION EVALUATION Stratum is a layer of rock of relatively constant

FORMATION EVALUATION

Stratum is a layer of rock of relatively constant thickness,

located between similar formations.
A geological body composed of a homogeneous rock, bounded by two more or less parallel bedding surfaces, having the same thickness (thickness) and occupying a considerable area. Usually the name of the layers is given depending on the constituent rocks.

A hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock A hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns A hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluidsA hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluids (oil, gas, waterA hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluids (oil, gas, water). The majority of reservoir rocks are of sedimentaryA hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluids (oil, gas, water). The majority of reservoir rocks are of sedimentary origin. The collectors of oil and gas are both terrigenous A hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluids (oil, gas, water). The majority of reservoir rocks are of sedimentary origin. The collectors of oil and gas are both terrigenous (aleurites, sandstones, siltstones, some clay rocksA hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluids (oil, gas, water). The majority of reservoir rocks are of sedimentary origin. The collectors of oil and gas are both terrigenous (aleurites, sandstones, siltstones, some clay rocks), and chemogenic A hydrocarbon reservoir is a rock containing voids (pores, caverns or cracks) and capable of containing and filtering fluids (oil, gas, water). The majority of reservoir rocks are of sedimentary origin. The collectors of oil and gas are both terrigenous (aleurites, sandstones, siltstones, some clay rocks), and chemogenic and biochemogenic (limestones, chalk, dolomites), as well as mixed rocks.

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Formation Evaluation

Formation Evaluation

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Formation Evaluation Collectors of Oil and Gas

Formation Evaluation

Collectors of Oil and Gas

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Formation Evaluation Reservoir Features:

Formation Evaluation

Reservoir Features:

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Formation Evaluation Reservoir Features:

Formation Evaluation

Reservoir Features:

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Isolation of reservoirs is carried out at lithological dissection of the

Isolation of reservoirs is carried out at lithological dissection of the

section. The characteristics by which the reservoirs are allocated are determined by the nature of the cut, the type of reservoir, and the conditions of drilling the well.
Reservoirs are considered as rocks that can contain oil, gas or water and give them back during development. Under the conditions of formation, the oil and gas reservoirs are mainly sedimentary deposits. In terms of material composition, terrigenous, carbonate and mixed types are distinguished. According to the morphology of the porous space, the collectors are divided into pore (intergranular, granular), fissured, cavernous and mixed (pore-cracked-cavernous).
Resevoirs differ from the enclosing rocks with permeability, porosity and clayiness, which is a prerequisite for their separation according to geophysical methods.
Identification of reservoirs is carried out at lithological dissection of the section. Lithological dismemberment of the section of wells within the perspective intervals provides for the allocation of strata that differ in geophysical properties, the determination of their boundaries and the depth of occurrence.
The first group combines direct qualitative characteristics based on a higher permeability of the reservoir compared to the host rocks and on the penetration of the clay solution filtrate reservoir.
The second group includes indirect quantitative criteria of the reservoir, based on the difference between the reservoir and the host rock in terms of porosity, permeability and clay: this allows reservoirs to be isolated in intervals with increased porosity, permeability and reduced clayness according to the diagrams of the corresponding geophysical methods.
The belonging of the allocated seams to a specific lithological type is determined by the totality of the characteristics in the diagrams of the various Wireline logging techniques.

Reservoir evaluation

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Collectors of Oil and Gas Formation Evaluation

Collectors of Oil and Gas

Formation Evaluation

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R&D; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and

R&D;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services;
CBL

and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.

Presentation Topic:

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Coiled tubing operations are used in such areas as: • drilling;

Coiled tubing operations are used in such areas as:
• drilling;
•repair cementing;
•electrical

wiring and perforating;
•fluid displacement;
•Sand binding;
•cleaning of the wellbore;
•setting and removal of plug-packers;
•fishing, testing, completion of wells;
•well control;
•intensification of production;
•use of a collapsible tubing as a discharge pipeline;
•Provide flow control when the horizontal or curved wellbore is completed.

Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services
Coiled tubing is an another technology that has been known for decades and has had limited application until recently, when interest in it has increased dramatically due to significant technical achievements.
Coiled tubing system is a self-contained, easily transportable, hydraulically driven unit for repair work in the well, which allows the introduction (and extraction) of a continuous column of pipes into a tubing or casing of a larger diameter (Fig.).
The system can be used on land or at sea and does not require a special repair tower. The unit can be used in working wells, it allows continuous injection of liquid or nitrogen with continued movement of the pipe.
The main advantage of the technology of flexible pipes is that in many cases it is an economical replacement of expensive capital repair works using auxiliary towers.

Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services

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Coiled tubing operations include: Acid treatment Nitrogen gaslift Borehole cleaning Horizontal

Coiled tubing operations include:
Acid treatment
Nitrogen gaslift
Borehole cleaning
Horizontal well operations
Chemical injection
Rinsing works
Wash

and fill sand
Fishing using coiled tubing
Secondary cementation
Drilling of cement bridges
Wireline logging using coiled tubing
Perforation using coiled tubing

Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services

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Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services In order

Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services

In order to

increase the economic efficiency of field development, reduce direct capital investments and maximize the possible use of reinvestment, the entire period of field development is divided into three main stages:

Fig.2. The natural energy of the reservoir
At the first stage, the natural energy of the reservoir (elastic energy, dissolved gas energy, the energy of the law water, the gas cap, the potential energy of the gravitational forces) is used as much as possible for the extraction of oil (Fig. 2).

Fig. 3. Water / gas injection
At the second stage, methods are implemented to maintain reservoir pressure by pumping water or gas. These methods are usually called secondary (Fig 3).

Fig. 4. Application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
In the third stage, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are used to increase the efficiency of field development (Fig.4).

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METHODS Oil recovery can only increase through the use of new

METHODS
Oil recovery can only increase through the use of new modern

techniques and technologies. Moreover, for each interlayer or operational grade, experts recommend using a specific method.
Among the most popular, it is necessary to name such methods:
- Thermal methods – is the use of high temperature (as a result of combustion, temperature, hot water under pressure, etc.), which increases the flow;
Gas Methods – injection of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air or a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons;
Chemical Methods – application of foam systems, polymers, various types of acids;
Hydrodynamical Methods – use of modern technologies and techniques;
- Physical – hydraulic explosion of rock, drilling of vertical boreholes, application of electromagnetic waves.

Пример. Обвязка оборудования устья скважины для проведения гидравлического разрыва пласта

Механизм вытеснения нефти при тепловых МУН

Применение химических методов для вытеснения нефти

Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services

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Engineering maintenance: Specialists conduct technological engineering, which is necessary for successful

Engineering maintenance:

Specialists conduct technological engineering, which is necessary for successful work

at the stages of drilling, development, operation of wells and transportation of oil.
Stimulation of oil production:
Treatment of carbonate reservoirs. Allows to conduct with the application of adapted acid systems an effective intensification of the treated interval and obtain a drainage area of the required geometry.
Treatment of terrigenous reservoirs. Increase the productivity of wells that exploit terrigenous reservoirs or reservoirs that have reduced their productivity due to secondary technogenic contamination of the wellbore zone (penetration of clay mud).
Acid packets. Taking into account the peculiarities of the geological structure, the Company's specialists propose a solution to intensify the flow rate to achieve the full potential of a particular well. Acid packs are used to eliminate individual problems (sludge, emulsion, iron control), as well as for a complex solution (optimally balanced acid systems).
Enhanced oil recovery:
Waterproofing systems. Minimizing the causes of waterlogging of wells that arise as a result of the breakthrough of water from the injection well zone, the approach of natural formation water from other horizons.
Deflection of the fluid flow. Increase the efficiency of the development of heterogeneous reservoirs with high water cut (more than 80%). Blocking of permeable zones is carried out with the help of viscous gel-like emulsion systems of the reverse type.
Conformance control
Increase in oil displacement ratio.
Recovering. Optimization of well operation due to advanced chemical technologies. Intraquired oilfield chemistry, aimed at reducing the cost of oil production operations.
Processing of asphaltenes. * Paraffin treatment. * Treatment of salt deposits.
Chemical technologies for hard-to-recover reserves. A wide range of technologies and chemical compositions for extraction of hard-to-recover oil reserves (high viscosity heavy oils, heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, undrained oil reserves) using specialized laboratory studies.
Engineering solutions for mature fields. Technologies that allow to reduce costs on long-running fields by reducing water cut, involvement in development of non-draining and residual oil reserves.

Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services

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R&D; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and

R&D;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services;
CBL

and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.

Presentation Topic:

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Gauging allows to exclude the possibility of loss of the device.

Gauging allows to exclude the possibility of loss of the device.

The

diameter of the gauging is determined by the size of the production column and the installation.
Gauging the production column to a depth of 100-200 m below the location of the cement ring behind the casing.

Gauging of production and tubing columns is carried out in order to ensure trouble-free descent of equipment, especially the packer, instruments and tools. Its body is made whole without chamfers on the lower and upper ends. The gauge has a through longitudinal hole for washing and preventing the accumulation of mechanical impurities during the launching and lifting operations.

CBL and borehole gauging services
borehole gauging services

Wellbore preparation
• Borehole gauging
After selective drifting of the borehole, will be checked the passage ability of the casing by patterning the borehole. For this, a section of casing about 25 m in length on the drill string is lowered to the bottom. The well is washed until the circulation fluid properties are completely equalized (at least two cycles of circulation). At the end of the washing, the pancreas is treated with a lubricating additive to facilitate the descent of the casing.
• Monitoring the length of the wellbore by measuring the total length of the drilling tool extracted from the well.

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Cement Bond Logging (CBL) refers to the main research, is carried

Cement Bond Logging (CBL) refers to the main research, is carried

out in each exploratory well, in a column, along the entire section.
Determined the presence of cement and the nature of its joining to the column and rock.

Good Quality cementing of wells is an indispensable condition for their long-term trouble-free operation, the absence of flows between formations and water and gas showings along the annular space.
In most cases, it is impossible to evaluate the quality of cementation immediately after WOC.

Rock
Cement
Casing

CBL and borehole gauging services

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CBL method, based on the use of the laws of propagation

CBL method, based on the use of the laws of propagation

of ultrasonic waves in various media, makes it possible to detect a solid cement ring behind the column, provides information about serious defects in the oil well ring itself, qualitatively characterizes the state of the contacts of the column-cement ring-rock.

Cement Bond Logging (CBL) 

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Cement Bond Logging (CBL) The amplitudes of the near (shallow) (3ft)

Cement Bond Logging (CBL) 

The amplitudes of the near (shallow) (3ft) -ACC, long

(deep) (5ft) -VDL receivers on the diagram are presented together.
At the same time, the GR-CCL curves recorded with CBL give additional information on the state of the column and the lithology of the section.

red line - wave along the column,
yellow - on the rock,
green - on the cement stone.
In the case of rigid adhesion of the column to the cement, elastic vibrations, spreading along the column, excite oscillations in the cement rock.

The amplitudes of the longitudinal wave in the column Ak and in the rock Arock and the propagation time of the longitudinal wave in the rock are recorded. In case of good cement bond with the column and the rock, the minimum amplitudes and maximum attenuation of the signal are observed. In the absence of cement behind the casing, a reverse pattern is observed. The average values are the areas with partial filling or with insufficiently strong adhesion of cement to the rock and column;

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Cement Bond Logging (CBL) Processing and interpretation of CBL data allows

Cement Bond Logging (CBL) 

Processing and interpretation of CBL data allows to solve

the following tasks:
- determine the top of cement;
- identify the presence or absence of cement outside of the column;
- evaluate the degree of cement bond between column and rock.

CBL data and the results of their processing are presented in the summary diagram.

Evaluation principle:
The maximum wave amplitude in a free column in a well without cement is -100%, the ratio of the amplitude in the processing intervals to this maximum amplitude is the relative amplitude. Method for determining the quality of CBL in the following:
The following standards have been approved for assessing the quality of the well bracing:
Af = A/A0
Af≤10%, bond quality - Good,
10% Af> 30%, bond quality - Poor,
Af> 50%, bond quality - Absence
where, Af - is the amplitude of the CBL,
A - is the amplitude in a given interval,
A0 -is the amplitude in the free column.

CBL

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R&D; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and

R&D;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services;
CBL

and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.

Presentation Topic:

Слайд 41

Bridge plug setting One of the types of packer equipment used

Bridge plug setting

One of the types of packer equipment used in

the oil industry is represented by so-called bridge plugs - devices designed to separate the formations. The use of such devices is mainly related to the work on the conservation of wells, their repair and directly in the course of operation.

Bridge plugs include a number of common structural elements, characteristic for almost any device of this class. Such elements include a lock assembly (whose function is to hold the rest of the elements during transportation and packing), a sealing unit (which provides a sealed separation of volumes) and an anchor assembly (which secures the device in the well).
The drillable bridge plugs are packers of lightly drillable materials. In addition to such devices, there are also recoverable bridge plugs that imply the possibility of creating a temporary or switching to permanent insulation. The installation and lifting of the extracted bridge plugs is carried out using a flexible pipe and a set of hydraulic equipment.

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Bridge plugs settings: Application area For installation of bridges and temporary

Bridge plugs settings:

Application area
For installation of bridges and temporary disconnection

of seams;
For the liquidation of wells or conservation of deposits;
For use as a support for a wedge-deflector;
For carrying out repair and insulation work using a plugging material under pressure (elimination of casing circulation, leakage of the casing string).
Distinctive features:
setting of the packer is carried out with the help of the hydraulic installation string of the corresponding design, by creating excess pressure in standard tubing;
It is designed for uninterrupted operation at a differential pressure up to 35 MPa;
the integral design of the slips eliminates the risk of premature installation during descent;
is manufactured in accordance with strict technical conditions for materials and with strict quality control of products, due to which the best combination of high strength characteristics and good drillability.
Benefits:
simplicity, low metal consumption compared to similar structures and good packer drillability;
Packing in inclined, horizontal, deep wells;
the use of a bridge plug during repair and insulation works significantly reduces the time of carrying out technological operations, reduces the cost of work, increases their reliability.
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- Bridge plug is used to overlap the insulation interval at

- Bridge plug is used to overlap the insulation interval

at producing casing.
- Cementing plug is for filling in the sub-packer zone.
They are produced in designs with a pressure difference of 35 MPa and 100 MPa.

There are 2 certain types of bridge plugs:

Bridge plug setting

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R&D; Core Analysis; Reservoir evaluation; Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and

R&D;
Core Analysis;
Reservoir evaluation;
Coiled Tubing Operations, well stimulation and relevant engineering services;
CBL

and borehole gauging;
Bridge plug setting;
Fishing Operations.

Presentation Topic:

Слайд 45

Any matters left in the borehole that interfere further work at

Any matters left in the borehole that interfere further work at

the oilfield are called emergency tool. This definition covers the entire variety of drilling, logging and operating equipment, including bits, pipes, wireline logging tools, hand tools and other foreign matters that could be lost, damaged, stuck or left in the borehole. The left tools and equipment serve as an obstacle to the performance of work, they must be extracted from the well by fishing operations.

Reasons for fishing operations:
Human factor
2) Equipment malfunction
3) Wellbore instability

Fishing operations and their purposes.

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Fishing operations and their purposes:

Fishing operations and their purposes:

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Fishing operations and their purposes.

Fishing operations and their purposes.

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Fishing operations and their purposes.

Fishing operations and their purposes.