Modal verbs

Август 4, 2022

Содержание

2. COMMON FEATURES - DON’T TAKE –S, - ING, OR –ED AFFIXES - ARE FOLLOWED BY BARE
3. MODAL VERBS ARE USED TO EXPRESS: - OBLIGATION - DUTY - NECESSITY/ABSENCE OF NECESSITY - PERMISSION/PROHIBITION
4. MUST - EXPRESSES DUTY /STRONG OBLIGATION TO DO SMTH, SHOWS THAT SMTH. IS ESSENTIAL. USUALLY THE
5. DON’T HAVE TO/DON’T NEED TO/NEEDN’T THEY ALL HAVE MEANING IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO DO THIS
6. CAN/MAY (MORE FORMAL) ARE USED TO ASK FOR/ GIVE A PERMISSION MAY I USE YOUR MOBILE?
7. CAN+PRESENT INFINITIVE – EXPRESSES GENERAL POSSIBILITY. USUALLY IS NOT USED AT SPECIFIC SITUATIONS. IT CAN BE
8. CAN –EXPRESSES ABILITY TO THE PRESENT I CAN SPEAK ENGLISH FLUENTLY COULD – REFERS ABILITY TO
9. MUST – YOU ARE ALMOST CERTAIN THAT IT IS/ WAS TRUE YOU’VE BEEN WORKING ALL DAY
10. COULD- YOU COULD AT LEAST DO YOUR HOMEWORK SHOULD – HE SHOULD HAVE WARNED US ABOUT
11. CAN I HELP YOU? WOULD YOU LIKE TEA? SHALL I BRING YOU A BOOK? CAN/COULD WE
12. EXPRESSES WITH WILL OR SHOULD HE WILL DO IT IMMEDIATELY (100 % CERTAINTY) Probability
13. CAN BE EXPRESSED WITH SHOULD/ OUGHT TO FOR EXPRESSING GENERAL ADVICE YOU SHOULD GIVE UP SMOKING
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COMMON FEATURES - DON’T TAKE –S, - ING, OR –ED AFFIXES - ARE

FOLLOWED BY BARE INFINITIVE - COME BEFORE THE SUBJECTS IN QUESTIONS AND ARE FOLLOWED BY NOT IN NEGATIONS. - DON’T HAVE TENSES IN THE NORMAL SENSE WHEN THEY FOLLOWED BY NORMAL BARE INFINITIVE, THEY REFER TO AN UNCOMPLETED ACTION OR STATE(PRESENT OR FUTURE) - WHEN FOLLOWED BY THE BARE PERFECT INFINITIVE, THEY REFER TO THE COMPLETED ACTION OR STATE (PAST) -

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MODAL VERBS ARE USED TO EXPRESS: - OBLIGATION - DUTY - NECESSITY/ABSENCE OF NECESSITY -

PERMISSION/PROHIBITION - POSSIBILITY - ABILITY/INABILITY - LOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS/DEDUCTIONS - CRITICISM - OFFERS/SUGGESTIONS - PROBABILITY - ADVICE

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MUST - EXPRESSES DUTY /STRONG OBLIGATION TO DO SMTH, SHOWS THAT

SMTH. IS ESSENTIAL. USUALLY THE SPEAKER HAS DECIDED THAT SMTH IS NECESSARY I MUST DO MY HOMEWORK EVERY DAY HAVE TO – EXPRESSES STRONG NECESSITY/OBLIGATION. IT IS USU. USED WHEN SOMEBODY OTHER THAN THE SPEAKER HAS DECIDED THAT SMTH. IS NECESSARY. THE TEACHER SAID THAT WE HAVE TO READ THIS PRESENTATION UP TO THE END OF THIS LESSON. SHOULD/OUGHT TO ARE USED TO EXPRESS DUTY, WEAK OBLIGATIONS WE SHOULD KEEP OUR CLASSROOM IN ORDER.

Obligation/duty/necessity

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DON’T HAVE TO/DON’T NEED TO/NEEDN’T THEY ALL HAVE MEANING IT IS

NOT NECESSARY TO DO THIS IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE YOU DON’T NEED TO DO THIS EXERCISE IN WRITTEN FORM DIDN’T HAVE TO REFER THE ABSENCE OF NECESSITY TO THE PAST YOU DIDN’T HAVE TO LEARN THIS POEM BY HEART

Absence of necessity

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CAN/MAY (MORE FORMAL) ARE USED TO ASK FOR/ GIVE A PERMISSION MAY

I USE YOUR MOBILE? MUSTN’T / CAN’T – IT IS FORBIDDEN TO DO SMTH. IT’S AGAINST THE RULE OR LAW. YOU MUSTN’T SHOUT AT THE LESSONS.

Permission/prohibition

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CAN+PRESENT INFINITIVE – EXPRESSES GENERAL POSSIBILITY. USUALLY IS NOT USED AT

SPECIFIC SITUATIONS. IT CAN BE INTERESTING TO LEARN SECOND LANGUAGE COULD/MAY/MIGHT + PRESENT INFINITIVE –POSSIBLE IN SPECIFIC SITUATION SHE SHOULD USE GPS NAVIGATOR. SHE MIGHT GET LOST. COULD/MIGHT/WOULD B+ PERFECT INFINITIVE – REFERS TO SMTH IN THE PAST THAT WAS POSSIBLE BUT DIDN’T HAPPEN. YOU COULD HAVE HELPED HIM WITH HIS HOMEWORK ( BUT YOU DIDN’T DO THAT)

Possibility

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CAN –EXPRESSES ABILITY TO THE PRESENT I CAN SPEAK ENGLISH FLUENTLY COULD –

REFERS ABILITY TO THE PAST I COULD SPEAK FRENCH WHEN I WAS TEN. WAS ABLE TO - EXPRESSES ABILITY(INABILITY) ON A SPECIFIC OCCASION IN THE PAST I WASN’T ABLE TO FIND ANSWERS TO ALL QUESTIONS COULDN’T - MAY BE USED TO EXPRESS ANY KIND OF INABILITY IN THE PAST, REPEATED OR SPECIFIC. I COULDN’T READ WHEN I WAS THREE.

Ability/inability

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MUST – YOU ARE ALMOST CERTAIN THAT IT IS/ WAS TRUE

YOU’VE BEEN WORKING ALL DAY LONG. YOU MUST BE TIRED. MAY/MIGHT/COULD – POSSIBLE THAT THIS IS/WAS TRUE CALL HIM NOW. HE MIGHT BE AT HOME. CAN’T/COULDN’T – ALMOST CERTAIN THAT THIS IS/WAS IMPOSSIBLE IT IS IMPOSSIBLE. IT CAN’T BE YOU. I DON’T BELIEVE IT.

Logical assumptions/Deduction

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