Semasiology. Types of meaning

Июль 24, 2022

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Semasiology. Types of meaning

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2. P.S. Not to be confused with semiotics Semiotics, also called or semiology, is the study of
3. Ferdinand de Saussure described language in terms of signs, which he in turn divided into signifieds
4. The signifier is the sound of the linguistic object
5. The signified is the mental construction or image associated with the sound. The sign, then, is
6. The sign, then, is essentially the relationship between the two (signified and signifier)
7. Three branches of semiotics Semantics - relation between signs and the things they refer to Syntactics:
8. There are two approaches (schools) of meaning: the referential approach, which seeks to formulate the essence
9. The functional approach, which studies the functions of a word in speech and is less concerned
10. TYPES OF MEANING word-meaning is not homogeneous it is made up of various components the combination
11. The two main types of meaning that are readily observed are the grammatical and the lexical
12. Grammatical meaning - the component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different
13. Lexical meaning of the word - the component of meaning proper to the word as a
14. One of the functions of words is to denote things, concepts and so on. The denotational
15. The second component of the lexical meaning is the connotational component, i.e. the emotive charge and
16. large, big, tremendous like, love, worship girl, girlie; dear, dearie the emotive charge of the words
17. This does not depend on the “feeling” of the individual speaker but is true for all
18. Literary (bookish) words are not stylistically homogeneous. Besides general-literary (bookish) words, e.g. harmony (PEACE), calamity (DISASTER)
19. The colloquial words may be subdivided into: Common colloquial words some sort of, to be good
20. Slang - a violation of the norms of Standard English, e.g. nuts, bonkers, banana for ‘insane’.
21. golden, toxic, hype, decent - GOOD gnarly, beige, wacky, cheesy - BAD
22. Professionalisms - words used in narrow groups bound by the same occupation, such as, e.g., lab
23. Jargonisms - words marked by their use within a particular social group and bearing a secret
24. Netter, tourist Flamer, pain in the net Softy computer geek, gweep, troglodyte, turbo-nerd, propeller-head
25. Vulgarisms - coarse words that are not generally used in public, e.g. bloody, hell, damn, shut
26. Dialectical words, e.g. lass, kirk
27. Colloquial coinages e.g. newspaperdom, allrightnik, shopaholic
28. Stylistic reference and emotive charge of words are closely connected and to a certain degree interdependent
29. The colloquial words daddy, mammy are more emotional than the neutral father, mother; the slang words
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P.S. Not to be confused with semiotics
Semiotics, also

called or semiology, is the study of sign processes (semiosis), signs, is the study of sign processes (semiosis), signs and symbols, both individually and grouped into sign systems )

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Ferdinand de Saussure described language in terms of signs, which

he in turn divided into signifieds and signifiers.

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The signifier is the sound of the linguistic object

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The signified is the mental construction or image associated with

the sound.
The sign, then, is essentially the relationship between the two

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The sign, then, is essentially the relationship between the two

(signified and signifier)

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Three branches of semiotics
Semantics - relation between signs and the things

they refer to
Syntactics: relation of signs to each other in formal structures
Pragmatics: relation of signs to their impacts on those who use them

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There are two approaches (schools) of meaning:
the referential

approach, which seeks to formulate the essence of meaning by establishing the interdependence between words and the things or concepts they denote.

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The functional approach, which studies the functions of a word in

speech and is less concerned with what meaning is than with how it works.

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TYPES OF MEANING
word-meaning is not homogeneous
it is made up of various

components the combination and the interrelation of which determine to a great extent the inner facet of the word

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The two main types of meaning that are readily observed are

the grammatical and the lexical meanings

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Grammatical meaning - the component of meaning recurrent in identical

sets of individual forms of different words
i.e. the tense meaning in the word-forms of verbs (asked, thought, walked, etc.)
or the case meaning in the word-forms of various nouns (girl’s, boy’s, night’s, etc.).

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Lexical meaning of the word - the component of meaning

proper to the word as a linguistic unit, i.e. recurrent in all the forms of this word
It is the CONCEPTUAL CONTENT OF A WORD
Lexical meaning includes denotational and connotational components

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One of the functions of words is to denote things,

concepts and so on.
The denotational meaning, i.e. that component of the lexical meaning which makes communication possible.

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The second component of the lexical meaning is the connotational

component, i.e. the emotive charge and the stylistic value of the word:
to eat – to pig out
to begin- to commence

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large, big, tremendous
like, love, worship
girl, girlie;

dear, dearie
the emotive charge of the words tremendous, worship and girlie is heavier than that of the words large, like and girl

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This does not depend on the “feeling” of the individual speaker

but is true for all speakers of English

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Literary (bookish) words are not stylistically homogeneous.
Besides general-literary (bookish)

words, e.g. harmony (PEACE), calamity (DISASTER) we may single out various specific subgroups, namely:
1) terms or scientific words
2) poetic words and archaisms
3) barbarisms and foreign words

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