Sports in Society: Issues & Controversies Chapter 1 The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study It?

Содержание

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Sports Are Social Phenomena Sports are related to the social and

Sports Are Social Phenomena

Sports are related to the social and cultural

contexts in which we live
Sports provide stories & images used to explain & evaluate these contexts
Sports provide a window into culture and society
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SOCIOLOGY is a tool for studying sports in society Sociology provides

SOCIOLOGY is a tool for studying sports in society

Sociology provides useful
Concepts
Theories
Research

methods
These tools enable us to “see” behavior as it connected with history, politics, economics, and social life
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CULTURE Consists of the “ways of life” people create in a

CULTURE

Consists of the “ways of life” people create in a

group or society
These ways of life are created and changed as people interact with each other, as they come to terms with, and even struggle over how to
Do things and organize their lives
Relate to each other
Make sense out of their experiences
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SOCIETY A collection of people Living in a defined geographical territory

SOCIETY
A collection of people
Living in a defined geographical territory
United

through
a political system
a shared sense of self-identification that distinguishes them from other people.
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SOCIOLOGY Vs. PSYCHOLOGY Psychologists study behavior in terms of attributes &

SOCIOLOGY Vs. PSYCHOLOGY
Psychologists study behavior in terms of attributes &

processes that exist inside individuals
Sociologists study behavior in terms of the social conditions and cultural contexts in which people live their lives
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Critical thinking about sports helps us Identify & understand social problems

Critical thinking about sports helps us

Identify & understand social problems and

social issues associated with sports
Look beyond scores to see sports as social phenomena
Make informed choices about sport participation and the place of sports in our lives
Transform sports in progressive ways
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SOCIOLOGY may lead to controversial recommendations Sociological research may produce findings

SOCIOLOGY may lead to controversial recommendations

Sociological research may produce findings that

suggest changes in the organization of sports and the organization of social life
Those who benefit from the status quo may be threatened by these research findings
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Why study sports as social phenomena? Sports activities and images are

Why study sports as social phenomena?

Sports activities and images are part

of people’s lives
Sports are connected with ideologies in society
i.e., the “viewpoints” that underlie people’s feelings, thoughts, and actions
Sports are connected with major spheres of social life such as:
family, economy, media, politics, education, & religion
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Ideologies The sets of interrelated ideas that people use To give

Ideologies

The sets of interrelated ideas that people use
To give

meaning to the world
To make sense of the world
To identify what is important, right, and natural in that world
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The characteristics of Ideologies are: They are never established “once and

The characteristics of Ideologies are:

They are never established “once and

for all time”
They emerge as people struggle over the meaning and organization of social life
They are complex and sometimes inconsistent
They change as power relationships change in society
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“Dominant Ideology” Represents the perspectives and ideas favored by people who

“Dominant Ideology”

Represents the perspectives and ideas favored by people who

have power and influence in society
Dominant ideologies serve the interests of people with power and influence
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Gender Ideology refers to A set of interrelated ideas about masculinity,

Gender Ideology refers to

A set of interrelated ideas about masculinity,

femininity, and relationships between men and women
Dominant Gender ldeology consists of prevailing notions of “common sense” about maleness and femaleness in a group or society
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Racial Ideology refers to A set of interrelated ideas that people

Racial Ideology refers to

A set of interrelated ideas that people

use to give meaning to skin color and to evaluate people in terms of racial classifications
Dominant Racial Ideology consists of prevailing ideas about the meanings of skin color and the characteristics of people classified in various racial categories
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Why study sports as social phenomena? Sports are connected with major

Why study sports as social phenomena?

Sports are connected with major spheres

of social life
Family
Economy
Media
Politics
Education
Religion
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Major Professional Organizations in the Sociology of Sport : The International

Major Professional Organizations in the Sociology of Sport :

The International Sociology

of Sport Association (ISSA)
The North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS)
The Sport Sociology Academy (SSA) in AAHPERD (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance)
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Disagreements in the Sociology of Sport Scholars in the field see

Disagreements in the Sociology of Sport

Scholars in the field see themselves

as
Sport sociologists concerned with sport science issues
Sociologists concerned with social and cultural issues
Scholars may see themselves as
professional experts (interested in consulting and the application of knowledge to improve sports)
critical sociologists (interested in social & cultural transformation), or
knowledge builders (interested in using research to accumulate knowledge about social life)
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SPORT Is Defined by Some Scholars As Activities That Are Physical

SPORT Is Defined by Some Scholars As Activities That Are
Physical
Competitive
Institutionalized
Motivated by

a combination of internal & external rewards
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Institutionalization Occurs When Rules become standardized Official agencies enforce rules Organizational

Institutionalization Occurs When
Rules become standardized
Official agencies enforce rules
Organizational & technical

aspects of the activity become important
Learning game skills becomes formalized
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Play vs. Dramatic Spectacle Play involves expressive activity done for its

Play vs. Dramatic Spectacle
Play involves expressive activity done for its

own sake; it is often spontaneous and guided by informal, emergent norms
Dramatic Spectacle involves performances to entertain an audience for the purpose of obtaining rewards
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An Alternative Approach to Defining Sports: Determine what activities are identified

An Alternative Approach to Defining Sports:
Determine what activities are identified

as sports in a society
Determine whose sports count the most when it comes to obtaining support and resources