Law-Enforcement Bodies

Август 11, 2022

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Law-Enforcement Bodies

Содержание

2. The state has many ways of making sure that citizens obey the law. It makes the
3. It uses police to investigate crimes and catch criminals. It authorizes courts to complete the investigation
4. Ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking it. Government usually expects citizens
5. However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft, assault and dangerous driving, which simply
6. So, the state combats crime through the courts, the Prosecutor's Office, investigating authorities, state security bodies,
7. After receiving information that a crime has been committed, the investigator, for instance, commences the preliminary
8. During the investigation of a criminal case, he has the right to demand that citizens should
9. The functions of the law-enforcement bodies have always been to protect state and personal property, to
14. The questions: What are the ways of making sure that citizens obey the law? Is ignorance
15. Memory check Exercise 1. Which law-enforcement body deals with: Preliminary investigation? Witnesses and suspects?
16. Exercise 2. Enumerate: A) the investigating bodies B) the functions, performed by the investigating bodies C)
17. Exercise 3. Discuss the problem questions. A) Why are the agencies combating the crimes so numerous?
18. Exercise 4. Discuss the role of the police in law enforcement. Write any cases you know
19. Exercise 5. Write a paragraph containing two arguments for and two against the following statements. Choose
20. Exercise 6. Who performs the following actions? Choose the necessary words from the list given below.
21. Exercise 7. Finish the sentences using the words in brackets. A) After receiving the information that
22. Exercise 8. Word check. Read the following words and try to guess the meaning of their
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The state has many ways of making sure that citizens obey

the law. It makes the public aware of what the law is and tries to encourage social support for law and order.

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It uses police to investigate crimes and catch criminals. It authorizes

courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others. And it makes efforts to re-educate and reform people who have broken the law.

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Ignorance of the law is almost never a defence for breaking

it. Government usually expects citizens to be aware of the laws which affect their lives. Sometimes this seems very harsh, for example, when the law is very technical.

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However, there are many laws, such as those prohibiting theft, assault

and dangerous driving, which simply reflect social and moral attitudes to everyday behaviour. In such cases a person knows he is breaking the law, even if he doesn't know exactly which law it is.

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So, the state combats crime through the courts, the Prosecutor's Office,

investigating authorities, state security bodies, police and other law-enforcement agencies. They have to perform a series of acts to establish the fact of the crime, discover the offender and determine the penalty to be imposed in virtue of law.

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After receiving information that a crime has been committed, the investigator,

for instance, commences the preliminary investigation: he inspects the scene of the crime, summons and questions witnesses, detains suspects, etc.

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During the investigation of a criminal case, he has the right

to demand that citizens should take part in examinations and searches, and testify on the facts known to them; and that persons in office make available certificates, documents etc. The police, the investigator, the prosecutor and the court may make such demands only within the power vested in them by law.

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The functions of the law-enforcement bodies have always been to protect

state and personal property, to maintain public law and order, to safeguard the rights and interests of citizens.

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The questions:
What are the ways of making sure that citizens obey

the law?
Is ignorance of the law a defence for breaking it?
Through what bodies does the state combat crime?
What acts must law-enforcement bodies perform?
What does the investigator do after receiving information that a crime has been committed?
What rights do the investigating bodies have during the investigation of a criminal case?
What are the main functions of the law-enforcement bodies?

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Memory check
Exercise 1. Which law-enforcement body deals with:
Preliminary investigation?
Witnesses

and suspects?

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Exercise 2. Enumerate:
A) the investigating bodies
B) the functions, performed by the

investigating bodies
C) the investigator`s duties
D) the acts performed by the investigator
E) the categories of people summoned and questioned by the investigator
F) the law-enforcement agencies taking part in investigations of criminal cases
G) the ways the state makes citizens obey the law

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Exercise 3. Discuss the problem questions.
A) Why are the agencies combating

the crimes so numerous?
B) Should all the combating the crime bodies communicate with each other?

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Exercise 4.
Discuss the role of the police in law enforcement. Write

any cases you know when the police or other law-enforcement agencies exceeded their powers.

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Exercise 5. Write a paragraph containing two arguments for and

two against the following statements.
Choose from:
A) «Criminals need help more than punishment»
B) «Imprisonment is revenge but not rehabilitation»
Discuss your answers.

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Exercise 6. Who performs the following actions? Choose the necessary

words from the list given below.
A) ______ perform a series of acts to establish the fact of the crime.
B) ______ makes the public aware of what the law is and tries to encourage social support for law and order.
C) ______ should take part in examinations and searches.
D) ______ authorizes courts to complete the investigation of criminal and civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others.
E) ______ makes efforts to re-educate and reform people who have broken the law.
(citizens, government, the state , the investigator, law-enforcement agencies)

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Exercise 7. Finish the sentences using the words in brackets.
A) After

receiving the information that a crime has been committed the investigator commences the preliminary____
( questioning , seizure , investigation , punishment , sentence)
B) The law-enforcement bodies safeguard ___
( a criminal, an offender, the interests of citizens, an assessor)
C) The challenge of the law-enforcement bodies has always been to protect ___ , to maintain ___
( state and personal property , criminals, offenders, public law and order)

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Exercise 8. Word check.
Read the following words and try to guess

the meaning of their derivatives . Distribute them into 3 columns.
Nouns Verbs Adjectives
To investigate- investigation - investigator
To establish- establishment
To discover- discovery
To determine-determined- determination
To inspect- inspector- inspection
To question- a question - questioning
A suspect- to suspect - suspicious
Person- personal
Original - an original - to originate
Offender - Offence