Population

Август 13, 2022

Содержание

2. POPULATION POPULATION IS A GROUP OF ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT LIVE IN THE SAME
3. EVOLUTION evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies
4. DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS TEND TO EXIST WITHIN ANY GIVEN POPULATION AS A RESULT OF MUTATION, GENETIC RECOMBINATION
5. POPULATION AS THE BASIC UNIT OF EVOLUTION. A POPULATION IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LIVING ORGANISMS
6. FACTORS OF EVOLUTION NON-DIRECTED FACTORS OF EVOLUTION - GENETIC VARIATION IN POPULATION GENE MUTATION RECOMBINATION OF
7. POPULATION SIZE IN NATURE ALL POPULATIONS HAVE A TENDENCY AND A TREMENDOUS POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH, BUT
8. GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION HETEROGENEITY OF POPULATION GENETICAL UNITY OF POPULATION IF A POPULATION IS NOT
9. HETEROGENEITY OF POPULATIONS A given population (as illustrated by different phenotypes) indicates that each individual has
10. GENETICAL UNITY OF POPULATIONS. Each population possesses an iso- lated gene pool, which includes all possible
11. THE HARDY-WEINBERG LAW SHOWS THAT IN LARGE POPULATIONS, THE PROCESS OF INHERITANCE DOES NOT BY ITSELF
12. MOST POPULATIONS HAVE A LARGE RESERVOIR OF VARIABILITY HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE OCCURS WHEN THE HETEROZYGOTE HAS A
13. EVOLUTION RESISTANCE
14. POPULATION GENETICS IS A SUBFIELD OF GENETICS THAT DEALS WITH GENETIC DIFFERENCES WITHIN AND ... HALDANE
18. POPULATION GENETICS BEGAN AS A RECONCILIATION OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE AND BIOSTATISTICS MODELS. NATURAL SELECTION WILL ONLY
19. FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=GHHOJC4OXH8 HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SRWXEMLI0_U HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HOFRN0KIHOU
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POPULATION
POPULATION IS A GROUP OF ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT LIVE

IN THE SAME AREA
HOW LARGE A POPULATION IS AND HOW FAST IT IS GROWING ARE OFTEN USED AS MEASURES OF ITS HEALTH
A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL CANNOT EVOLVE ALONE; EVOLUTION IS THE PROCESS OF CHANGING THE GENE FREQUENCIES WITHIN A GENE POOL.
THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION OCCURS ONLY IN POPULATIONS AND NOT IN INDIVIDUALS

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EVOLUTION
evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several

generations and relies on the process of natural selection.
The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.
Evolution by natural selection is one of the best substantiated theories in the history of science, supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines

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DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS TEND TO EXIST WITHIN ANY GIVEN POPULATION AS A

RESULT OF MUTATION, GENETIC RECOMBINATION AND OTHER SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION.
EVOLUTION OCCURS WHEN EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES SUCH AS NATURAL SELECTION (INCLUDING SEXUAL SELECTION) AND GENETIC DRIFT ACT ON THIS VARIATION, RESULTING IN CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS BECOMING MORE COMMON OR RARE WITHIN A POPULATION.

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POPULATION AS THE BASIC UNIT OF EVOLUTION.
A POPULATION IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LIVING

ORGANISMS THAT CAN UNDERGO EVOLUTION. ...
A PECCARY POPULATION, THEREFORE, CAN BE CONSIDERED AS A "POOL" OF GENES AND GENE TYPES THAT REFLECT THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ALL THE INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE GROUP.
THIS "POOL-OF-GENES" IS WHAT CHANGES WHEN EVOLUTION TAKES PLACE.

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FACTORS OF EVOLUTION
NON-DIRECTED FACTORS OF EVOLUTION
- GENETIC VARIATION IN POPULATION

GENE MUTATION
RECOMBINATION OF GENES
HYBRIDIZATION
- POPULATION SIZE
- REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
DIRECTED FACTORS OF EVOLUTION
- NATURAL SELECTION

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POPULATION SIZE
IN NATURE ALL POPULATIONS HAVE A TENDENCY AND A TREMENDOUS

POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH, BUT REMAIN LIMITED TO A RELATIVELY CONSTANT SIZE DUE TO LIMITATION OF RESOURCES. IT MEANS ONLY A SMALL SIZE OF POPULATION ACTUALLY SERVE AS PARENTS FOR NEXT GENERATION. NORMALLY THE INDIVIDUAL BETTER ADAPTED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT ARE MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE. BUT CHANCE IS ALSO VERY IMPORTANT

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GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION
HETEROGENEITY OF POPULATION
GENETICAL UNITY OF POPULATION
IF A POPULATION

IS NOT EVOLVING, THE FREQUENCIES OF EACH ALLELE REMAIN CONSTANT FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT GENERATION

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HETEROGENEITY OF POPULATIONS
A given population (as illustrated by different phenotypes) indicates

that each individual has a different portion of the genes that exist in the gene pool.
Because most species are diploid, each individual member of a population contains only two alleles for each locus.
Therefore, a single individual has only some of the genes found in its population gene pool.

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GENETICAL UNITY OF POPULATIONS.
Each population possesses an iso- lated gene pool,

which includes all possible alleles at each locus of each chromosome present in the breeding individuals of the population.

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THE HARDY-WEINBERG LAW SHOWS THAT IN LARGE POPULATIONS, THE PROCESS OF

INHERITANCE DOES NOT BY ITSELF CAUSE CHANGES IN ALLELE FREQUENCIES, WHICH REMAIN CONSTANT FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION.

LARGE POPULATION SIZE
ISOLATION
NO MUTATION
NO SELECTION
RANDOM MATING

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MOST POPULATIONS HAVE A LARGE RESERVOIR OF VARIABILITY
HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE OCCURS

WHEN THE HETEROZYGOTE HAS A HIGHER DEGREE OF FITNESS THAN EITHER HOMOZYGOTE. BOTH ALLELES ARE MAINTAINED IN THE POPULATION.
IN FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION, A GENOTYPE’S SELECTIVE VALUE VARIES WITH ITS FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE.
VARIATION THAT CONFERS NO DETECTABLE SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE IS CALLED NEUTRAL VARIATION.
THE NEUTRALIST-SELECTIONIST CONTROVERSY IS A DEBATE AMONG BIOLOGISTS OVER THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTION VERSUS GENETIC DRIFT IN MAINTAINING GENETIC VARIABILITY.

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EVOLUTION
RESISTANCE

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POPULATION GENETICS IS A SUBFIELD OF GENETICS THAT DEALS WITH GENETIC DIFFERENCES WITHIN AND ... HALDANE

ALSO APPLIED STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES OF NATURAL SELECTION, SUCH AS PEPPERED MOTH ... MUTATIONS CAN EVENTUALLY CAUSE THE GENETIC ASSIMILATION OF TRAITS THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY INDUCED BY THE ENVIRONMENT.

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POPULATION GENETICS BEGAN AS A RECONCILIATION OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE AND BIOSTATISTICS MODELS. NATURAL SELECTION WILL ONLY CAUSE

EVOLUTION IF THERE IS ENOUGH GENETIC VARIATION IN A POPULATION. BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF MENDELIAN GENETICS, ONE COMMON HYPOTHESIS WAS BLENDING INHERITANCE. BUT WITH BLENDING INHERITANCE, GENETIC VARIANCE WOULD BE RAPIDLY LOST, MAKING EVOLUTION BY NATURAL OR SEXUAL SELECTION IMPLAUSIBLE. THE HARDY–WEINBERG PRINCIPLE PROVIDES THE SOLUTION TO HOW VARIATION IS MAINTAINED IN A POPULATION WITH MENDELIAN INHERITANCE. ACCORDING TO THIS PRINCIPLE, THE FREQUENCIES OF ALLELES (VARIATIONS IN A GENE) WILL REMAIN CONSTANT IN THE ABSENCE OF SELECTION, MUTATION, MIGRATION AND GENETIC DRIFT.

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FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=GHHOJC4OXH8
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SRWXEMLI0_U
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HOFRN0KIHOU

Population

Содержание

POPULATION POPULATION IS A GROUP OF ORGANISMS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT LIVE

EVOLUTIONevolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several

DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS TEND TO EXIST WITHIN ANY GIVEN POPULATION AS A

POPULATION AS THE BASIC UNIT OF EVOLUTION. A POPULATION IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LIVING

FACTORS OF EVOLUTIONNON-DIRECTED FACTORS OF EVOLUTION - GENETIC VARIATION IN POPULATION

POPULATION SIZEIN NATURE ALL POPULATIONS HAVE A TENDENCY AND A TREMENDOUS

GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONHETEROGENEITY OF POPULATIONGENETICAL UNITY OF POPULATIONIF A POPULATION

HETEROGENEITY OF POPULATIONSA given population (as illustrated by different phenotypes) indicates

GENETICAL UNITY OF POPULATIONS.Each population possesses an iso- lated gene pool,