Содержание
- 2. References: Jones, D.A., "Electrical engineering: the backbone of society", Proceedings of the IEE: Science, Measurement and
- 3. Uman, MartinUman, Martin (1987) (PDF). All About LightningUman, Martin (1987) (PDF). All About Lightning. Dover Publications.
- 4. 23. Shectman, Jonathan (2003), Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 18th Century, Greenwood Press,
- 5. Electricity
- 6. Electricity (from New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like") is a general term that encompassesElectricity (from New Latin ēlectricus,
- 7. In general usage, the word 'electricity' is adequate to refer to a number of physical effects.
- 8. Electric charge – a property – a property of some subatomic – a property of some
- 9. Electricity has been studied since antiquity, though scientific advances Electricity has been studied since antiquity, though
- 10. Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on electricity in the 18th century
- 11. Electric circuits
- 12. An electric circuit is an interconnectionAn electric circuit is an interconnection of electric components, usually to
- 13. The capacitor is a device capableThe capacitor is a device capable of storing charge, and thereby
- 14. Electrical energy is usually generated by electro-mechanical generators driven by steam produced from fossilElectrical energy is
- 15. DemandDemand for electricity grows with great rapidity Demand for electricity grows with great rapidity as a
- 16. Uses
- 17. Electricity is an extremely flexibleElectricity is an extremely flexible form of energy, and it may be
- 18. Electricity is used withinElectricity is used within telecommunications, and indeedElectricity is used within telecommunications, and indeed
- 19. Optical fibre and satelliteOptical fibre and satellite communication technology have taken Optical fibre and satellite communication
- 20. Electricity and the natural world Physiological effects
- 21. A voltage applied to a human body causes an electric current to flow through the tissuesA
- 22. The painThe pain caused by an electric shockThe pain caused by an electric shock can be
- 24. Скачать презентацию
References:
Jones, D.A., "Electrical engineering: the backbone of society", Proceedings of the
References:
Jones, D.A., "Electrical engineering: the backbone of society", Proceedings of the
Moller, Peter (December 1991), "Review: Electric Fish", BioScience 41 (11): 794–6 [794]
Bullock, Theodore H. (2005), Electroreception, Springer, pp. 5–7, ISBN 0387231927
Morris, Simon C. (2003), Life's Solution: Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe, Cambridge University Press, pp. 182–185, ISBN 0521827043
The Encyclopedia AmericanaThe Encyclopedia Americana; a library of universal knowledge (1918), New York: Encyclopedia Americana Corp
Stewart, Joseph (2001), Intermediate Electromagnetic Theory, World Scientific, p. 50, ISBN 9-8102-4471-1
Simpson, Brian (2003), Electrical Stimulation and the Relief of Pain, Elsevier Health Sciences, pp. 6–7, ISBN 0-4445-1258-6
Frood, Arran (27 FebruaryFrood, Arran (27 February 2003Frood, Arran (27 February 2003), Riddle of 'Baghdad's batteries'Frood, Arran (27 February 2003), Riddle of 'Baghdad's batteries', BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2804257.stm, retrieved on 2008-02-16
Baigrie, Brian (2006), Electricity and Magnetism: A Historical Perspective, Greenwood Press, pp. 7–8, ISBN 0-3133-3358-0
Chalmers, Gordon (1937), "The Lodestone and the Understanding of Matter in Seventeenth Century England", Philosophy of Science 4 (1): 75–95
Srodes, James (2002), Franklin: The Essential Founding Father, Regnery Publishing, pp. 92–94, ISBN 0895261634 It is uncertain if Franklin personally carried out this experiment, but it is popularly attributed to him.
Uman, MartinUman, Martin (1987) (PDF). All About LightningUman, Martin (1987) (PDF).
Uman, MartinUman, Martin (1987) (PDF). All About LightningUman, Martin (1987) (PDF).
Kirby, Richard S. (1990), Engineering in History, Courier Dover Publications, pp. 331–333, ISBN 0486264122
Marković, Dragana, The Second Industrial Revolution Marković, Dragana, The Second Industrial Revolution, http://www.b92.net/eng/special/tesla/life.php?nav_id=36502, retrieved on 2007-12-09
Trefil, James (2003), The Nature of Science: An A-Z Guide to the Laws and Principles Governing Our Universe, Houghton Mifflin Books, p. 74, ISBN 0-6183-1938-7
Duffin, W.J. (1980), Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, pp. 2–5, ISBN 007084111X
Sears, et al., Francis (1982), University Physics, Sixth Edition, Addison Wesley, p. 457, ISBN 0-2010-7199-1
"The repulsive force between two small spheres charged with the same type of electricity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centres of the two spheres." Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, Histoire de l'Academie Royal des Sciences, Paris 1785.
Duffin, W.J. (1980), Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, p. 35, ISBN 007084111X
National Research Council (1998), Physics Through the 1990s, National Academies Press, pp. 215–216, ISBN 0309035767
Umashankar, Korada (1989), Introduction to Engineering Electromagnetic Fields, World Scientific, pp. 77–79, ISBN 9971509210
Hawking, Stephen (1988), A Brief History of Time, Bantam Press, p. 77, ISBN 0-553-17521-1
23. Shectman, Jonathan (2003), Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of
23. Shectman, Jonathan (2003), Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of
24. Sewell, Tyson (1902), The Elements of Electrical Engineering, Lockwood, p. 18. The Q originally stood for 'quantity of electricity', the term 'electricity' now more commonly expressed as 'charge'.
Close, Frank (2007), The New Cosmic Onion: Quarks and the Nature of the Universe, CRC Press, p. 51, ISBN 1-5848-8798-2
Ward, Robert (1960), Introduction to Electrical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, p. 18
Solymar, L. (1984), Lectures on electromagnetic theory, Oxford University Press, p. 140, ISBN 0-19-856169-5
Duffin, W.J. (1980), Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, pp. 23–24, ISBN 007084111X
Berkson, William (1974), Fields of Force: The Development of a World View from Faraday to Einstein, Routledge, p. 370, ISBN 0-7100-7626-6 Accounts differ as to whether this was before, during, or after a lecture.
Bird, John (2007), Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 3rd edition, Newnes, p. 11, ISBN 0-978-8556-6
Bird, John (2007), Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 3rd edition, Newnes, pp. 206–207, ISBN 0-978-8556-6
Bird, John (2007), Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology, 3rd edition, Newnes, pp. 223–225, ISBN 0-978-8556-6
Sears, et al., Francis (1982), University Physics, Sixth Edition, Addison Wesley, pp. 469–470, ISBN 0-2010-7199-1
Sears, et al., Francis (1982), University Physics, Sixth Edition, Addison Wesley, p. 479, ISBN 0-2010-7199-1
Electricity
Electricity
Electricity (from New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like") is a general term that
Electricity (from New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like") is a general term that
In general usage, the word 'electricity' is adequate to refer to
In general usage, the word 'electricity' is adequate to refer to
Electric charge – a property – a property of some subatomic
Electric charge – a property – a property of some subatomic
Electric current – a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes.
Electric field – an influence – an influence produced by an electric charge on other charges in its vicinity.
Electric potential – the capacity of an electric field to do work, typically measured in volts.
Electromagnetism – a fundamental interaction between the electric field and motion of electric charge.
Electricity has been studied since antiquity, though scientific advances Electricity has
Electricity has been studied since antiquity, though scientific advances Electricity has
Electricity's extraordinaryElectricity's extraordinary versatility as a source of energy means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications. The backboneElectricity's extraordinary versatility as a source of energy means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications. The backbone of modern industrial society is, and for the foreseeable future can be expected to remain, the use of electrical power .
Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on electricity in the 18th century
Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research on electricity in the 18th century
Electric circuits
Electric circuits
An electric circuit is an interconnectionAn electric circuit is an interconnection
An electric circuit is an interconnectionAn electric circuit is an interconnection
The componentsThe components in an electric circuit can take many forms, which can include elements such as resistors, capacitorsThe components in an electric circuit can take many forms, which can include elements such as resistors, capacitors, switches, transformers and electronics. Electronic circuits contain active components, usually semiconductors, and typically exhibit non-linear behaviour, requiring complex analysis. The simplest electric components are those that are termed passive and linear: while they may temporarily store energy, they contain no sources of it, and exhibit linear responses to stimuli.
A basic electric circuit. The voltage source V on the left drives a current I around the circuit, deliveringA basic electric circuit. The voltage source V on the left drives a current I around the circuit, delivering electrical energy into the resistance R. From the resistor, the current returns to the source, completing the circuit.
The capacitor is a device capableThe capacitor is a device capable
The capacitor is a device capableThe capacitor is a device capable
When the current changes, the magnetic field does too, inducing a voltage between the endsWhen the current changes, the magnetic field does too, inducing a voltage between the ends of the conductor. The inducedWhen the current changes, the magnetic field does too, inducing a voltage between the ends of the conductor. The induced voltage is proportional to the time rate of change of the current. The constant of proportionality is termed the inductance. The unit of inductance is the henry, named after Joseph Henry, a contemporaryWhen the current changes, the magnetic field does too, inducing a voltage between the ends of the conductor. The induced voltage is proportional to the time rate of change of the current. The constant of proportionality is termed the inductance. The unit of inductance is the henry, named after Joseph Henry, a contemporary of Faraday. One henry is the inductance that will induce When the current changes, the magnetic field does too, inducing a voltage between the ends of the conductor. The induced voltage is proportional to the time rate of change of the current. The constant of proportionality is termed the inductance. The unit of inductance is the henry, named after Joseph Henry, a contemporary of Faraday. One henry is the inductance that will induce a potential difference of one volt if the current through it changes at a rate of one ampere per second
The inductorThe inductor is a conductor, usually a coil of wire, that storesThe inductor is a conductor, usually a coil of wire, that stores energy in a magnetic field in response to the current flowing through it.
The unit of capacitance is the farad, named after Michael Faraday, and given the symbol F: one farad is the capacitance that developsThe unit of capacitance is the farad, named after Michael Faraday, and given the symbol F: one farad is the capacitance that develops a potential difference of one volt when it stores a charge of one coulomb.
Electrical energy is usually generated by electro-mechanical generators driven by steam
Electrical energy is usually generated by electro-mechanical generators driven by steam
Production and uses
Generation
DemandDemand for electricity grows with great rapidity Demand for electricity grows
DemandDemand for electricity grows with great rapidity Demand for electricity grows
Uses
Uses
Electricity is an extremely flexibleElectricity is an extremely flexible form of
Electricity is an extremely flexibleElectricity is an extremely flexible form of
Electricity is used withinElectricity is used within telecommunications, and indeedElectricity is
Electricity is used withinElectricity is used within telecommunications, and indeedElectricity is
Optical fibre and satelliteOptical fibre and satellite communication technology have taken
Optical fibre and satelliteOptical fibre and satellite communication technology have taken
Electricity and the natural world
Physiological effects
Electricity and the natural world
Physiological effects
A voltage applied to a human body causes an electric current
A voltage applied to a human body causes an electric current
If the current is sufficientlyIf the current is sufficiently high, it will cause muscles contractionIf the current is sufficiently high, it will cause muscles contraction, fibrillation of the heart, and tissue burnsIf the current is sufficiently high, it will cause muscles contraction, fibrillation of the heart, and tissue burns. The lack of any visible sign that a conductor is electrified makes electricity a particularIf the current is sufficiently high, it will cause muscles contraction, fibrillation of the heart, and tissue burns. The lack of any visible sign that a conductor is electrified makes electricity a particular hazard.
The painThe pain caused by an electric shockThe pain caused by
The painThe pain caused by an electric shockThe pain caused by
Electrocution is still Electrocution is still the means of judicial executionElectrocution is still the means of judicial execution in some jurisdictions, though its use has become in recent times.