Chapter 6. Telecommunications, the internet, and wireless technology

and Wireless Technology

What are the principal components of telecommunications networks and key networking technologies?
What are the main telecommunications transmission media and types of networks?
How do the Internet and Internet technology work and how do they support communication and e-business?

and Internet access?
Why are radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor networks valuable for business?

STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

in 4.2 sq mi shipyard in real-time
Solution: High-speed wireless network using radio sensors web cams, and more

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

Web cams, and connected to electric lines in ships to overcome transmission problems cause by ship hulls
Demonstrates powerful capabilities and solutions offered by contemporary networking technology
Illustrates use of radio sensor technologies to track inventory

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

Hyundai Heavy Industries Creates a Wireless Shipyard

Technology

Hyundai Heavy Industries Creates a Wireless Shipyard

converging into single digital network using Internet standards
Cable companies providing voice service
Broadband:
More than 68% U.S. Internet users have broadband access
Broadband wireless:
Voice and data communication as well as Internet access are increasingly taking place over broadband wireless platforms

Networking and Communication Trends

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

or more connected computers
Major components in simple network
Client computer
Server computer
Network interfaces (NICs)
Connection medium
Network operating system
Hub or switch
Routers
Device used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that data sent gets to the correct address

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

World

Figure 6-1

Illustrated here is a very simple computer network, consisting of computers, a network operating system residing on a dedicated server computer, cabling (wiring) connecting the devices, network interface cards (NIC), switches, and a router.

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

include:
Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to firm-wide corporate network
Various powerful servers
Web site
Corporate intranet, extranet
Backend systems
Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks)
Videoconferencing system
Telephone network
Wireless cell phones

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

network infrastructure is a collection of many different networks from the public switched telephone network, to the Internet, to corporate local area networks linking workgroups, departments, or office floors.

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

computing model
Clients linked through network controlled by network server computer
Server sets rules of communication for network and provides every client with an address so others can find it on the network
Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing
The Internet: largest implementation of client/server computing

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination
Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly of complete point-to-point circuit
Packet switching more efficient use of network’s communications capacity

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

6-3

Data are grouped into small packets, which are transmitted independently over various communications channels and reassembled at their final destination.

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

connectivity
Connectivity between computers enabled by protocols
Protocols: rules that govern transmission of information between two points
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Common worldwide standard that is basis for Internet
Department of Defense reference model for TCP/IP
Four layers
Application layer
Transport layer
Internet layer
Network interface layer

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

Today’s Business World

Figure 6-4

This figure illustrates the four layers of the TCP/IP reference model for communications.

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

form
Local-area networks (LANs)
Peer-to-peer
Client/server
Topologies: star, bus, ring
Metropolitan and wide-area networks
Wide-area networks (WANs)
Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)

Communications Networks

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

digital signals into analog form (and vice versa) so that computers can transmit data over analog networks such as telephone and cable networks.

Communications Networks

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

and ring.

Communications Networks

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

multiplexing (DWDM)
Wireless transmission media and devices
Microwave
Satellites
Cellular systems
Transmission speed (hertz, bandwidth)

Physical Transmission Media

Communications Networks

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

seismic data between oil exploration ships and research centers in the United States.

Communications Networks

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

connections
Digital subscriber line
Cable Internet connections
T1 lines

The Global Internet

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

addresses to domain names
Hierarchical structure
Top-level domains
Internet architecture and governance
No formal management: IAB, ICANN, W3C
The future Internet: IPv6 and Internet2

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

system with a root domain, top-level domains, second-level domains, and host computers at the third level.

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

in turn provide access to Internet service providers, large firms, and government institutions. Network access points (NAPs) and metropolitan area exchanges (MAEs) are hubs where the backbone intersects regional and local networks and where backbone owners connect with one another.

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

network neutrality? Why has the Internet operated under net neutrality up to this point in time?
Who’s in favor of network neutrality? Who’s opposed? Why?
What would be the impacts on individual users, businesses, and government if Internet providers switched to a tiered service model?
Are you in favor of legislation enforcing network neutrality? Why or why not?

Interactive Session: Organizations
The Battle Over Net Neutrality

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

The Global Internet

Wide Web
VoIP
Unified communications
Virtual private network (VPN)

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

other software can access an array of services on servers over the Internet. These services may all run on a single server or on multiple specialized servers.

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

breaks up a voice message into data packets that may travel along different routes before being reassembled at the final destination. A processor nearest the call’s destination, called a gateway, arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone number of the receiver or the IP address of the receiving computer.

The Global Internet

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

private network of computers linked using a secure “tunnel” connection over the Internet. It protects data transmitted over the public Internet by encoding the data and “wrapping” them within the Internet Protocol (IP). By adding a wrapper around a network message to hide its content, organizations can create a private connection that travels through the public Internet.

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

monitor employee e-mail and Internet usage? Why or why not?
Describe an effective e-mail and Web use policy for a company.
Should managers inform employees that their Web behavior is being monitored? Or should managers monitor secretly? Why or why not?

Interactive Session: People
Monitoring Employees on Networks—Unethical or Good Business?

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

for display on Web
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
Communications standard used for transferring Web pages
Uniform resource locators (URLs):
Addresses of Web pages
E.g., http://www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html
Web servers
Software for locating and managing Web pages

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

relatively simple software programs using keyword indexes
Mobile search—now 15% of all searches in 2011
Search engine marketing—major source of Internet advertising revenue
SEO—process of improving rankings in search engine results
Social search—Google +1, Facebook Like
Shopping bots—Use intelligent agent software for searching Internet for shopping information

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

Google is the most popular search engine on the Web, handling 84% of all Web searches.

Web, indexing the content of each page, calculating its popularity, and storing the pages so that it can respond quickly to user requests to see a page. The entire process takes about one-half second.

The Global Internet

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

collaborate, share information, and create new services online
Blogs: chronological, informal Web sites created by individuals
RSS (Really Simple Syndication): syndicates Web content so aggregator software can pull content for use in another setting or viewing later
Wikis: collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify content on the site
Social networking sites—enable users to build communities of friends and share information

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

add layer of meaning to the existing Web
Goal is to reduce human effort in searching for and processing information
Ways to make Web more “intelligent” and intuitive
Increased communication and synchronization with computing devices, communities
More widespread use of cloud computing, mobile computing

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

world, AT&T, T-Mobile
Third-generation (3G) networks
Higher transmission speeds suitable for broadband Internet access
Fourth-generation (4G) networks
Entirely packet-switched
Up to 100 Mbps

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

devices in 10-m area using low-power, radio-based communication
Useful for personal networking (PANs)
Wi-Fi (802.11)
Set of standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n
Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access
Use access points: device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN

The Wireless Revolution

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

cell phones, PDAs, wireless keyboards and mice, PCs, and printers, to interact wirelessly with each other within a small 30-foot (10-meter) area. In addition to the links shown, Bluetooth can be used to network similar devices to send data from one PC to another, for example.

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

interface cards link to the wired LAN by communicating with the access point. The access point uses radio waves to transmit network signals from the wired network to the client adapters, which convert them into data that the mobile device can understand. The client adapter then transmits the data from the mobile device back to the access point, which forward the data to the wired network.

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area
Weak security features
WiMax (802.16)
Wireless access range of 31 miles
Require WiMax antennas

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

about an item and location
Tags transmit radio signals over short distances to special RFID readers, which send data over network to computer for processing
Active RFID: tags have batteries, data can be rewritten, range is hundreds of feet, more expensive
Passive RFID: range is shorter, also smaller, less expensive, powered by radio frequency energy

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

chain
Requires companies to have special hardware and software
Reduction in cost of tags making RFID viable for many firms

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

stored in a tag at distances ranging from 1 inch to 100 feet. The reader captures the data from the tag and sends them over a network to a host computer for processing.

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

devices embedded into physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces
Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous substances in air, monitor environmental changes, traffic, or military activity
Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and antennas
Require low-power, long-lasting batteries and ability to endure in the field without maintenance

The Wireless Revolution

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Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

the larger circles represent high-end nodes. Lower-level nodes forward data to each other or to higher-level nodes, which transmit data more rapidly and speed up network performance.

The Wireless Revolution

Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology