History of programming languages

languages at the level of processor commands of a specific machine. No translator was used for programming, program commands were entered directly in the machine code by switches on the front panel of the machine. Such languages were good for a detailed understanding of the functioning of a particular machine, but difficult to study and solve applied problems. (Fortran)

to facilitate the hard work of programming, moving in language expressions from low-level machine concepts closer to how a programmer usually thinks. These languages appeared in the 1950s, in particular, languages such as Fortran and Algol. The most important problem faced by developers of second-generation languages was the task of convincing customers that the code created by the compiler performs well enough to justify abandoning assembly programming. Skepticism about the possibility of creating effective programs using automatic compilers was quite common, so the developers of such systems had to demonstrate that they could indeed generate almost as effective code as with manual coding, and for almost any initial task. (Assembler)

at a higher level than assembler. The main distinguishing feature of third-generation languages has become hardware independence, that is, the expression of the algorithm in a form that does not depend on the specific characteristics of the machine on which it will be executed. Code written in a thirdgeneration language is translated either directly into machine commands or into assembler code before execution and then assembled. When compiling, unlike previous generations, there is no longer a one-to-one correspondence between the program instructions and the generated code.
Program interpretation has become widely used — at the same time, program instructions are not converted into machine code, but are executed directly one after the other. Independence from hardware is achieved by using an interpreter compiled for a specific hardware platform. (Fortran 2, Algol 60, Cobol, Pascal, Basic)

is better represented as fourth-generation development environments. They belong to the time period from the 1970s to the early 1990s.
Languages of this generation are designed for the implementation of large projects, increase their reliability and speed of creation, are focused on specialized applications, and use not universal, but object-oriented languages operating with specific concepts of a narrow subject area. Powerful operators are embedded in these languages, allowing one line to describe such functionality, which would require thousands of lines of source code to implement in the languages of younger generations.

languages occurred in the mid-90s. These also include systems for the automatic creation of application programs using visual development tools, without programming knowledge. The main idea was the possibility of automatic generation of the resulting text in universal programming languages (which needs to be compiled). Instructions are entered into the computer in the most visual form using methods that are most convenient for a person who is not familiar with programming.

C++, Python, C#, which are among the top programming languages, are considered the most popular and in demand. They form the basis of modern programs and are used when writing any major project. More than 70% of programmers work with these languages. It is predicted that in the next 10 years they will still be in demand, as they are today.