Remote Sensing Laboratory

Август 23, 2022

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Remote Sensing Laboratory

Содержание

2. - Reference signal Comparison of Impulse and Holographic Radar Principle Circuits
3. Recording a Point Source in Optical Holography and its Hologram Reconstruction Hologram registration Hologram reconstruction
4. RASCAN-4/2000 2 GHz RASCAN-5/4000, 4 GHz RASCAN-5/7000, 7 GHz RASCAN-Series Radars
5. Comparative Table of RASCAN-Series Radars (*) - Low emitting power guarantees full safety for personnel while
6. Detail View of RASCAN-5/4000 Radar The Laboratory's staff members had been rewarded with Russian Federation government's
7. Inspection of the Church of San Biagio near Siena, Italy The Church of S. Biagio was
8. The aim of this experiments was to search for hidden cavities underneath the floor by using
9. Radioimages of the medallion in two polarizations A marble medallion on the floor Searching in archives
10. Laboratory Model of the Medallion RASCAN (left) and IRT (RIGHT) images of bricks beneath a stone
11. Cracks Detection A 30cm by 30cm piece of marble contains two nearly invisible, hairline cracks; one
12. The investigation on the Croce di San Marco with Rascan 4/4000 Description of the cross The
13. First scanning area The first scanning area is positioned vertically along the trunk of the image
14. Investigation on the Croce di S. Marco Parallel – 3.6GHz Cross – 3.7GHz
15. Spurt of blood. One of the peculiarities that emerged during the survey is the presence in
16. Inspecting Wooden Structures Three dry pine boards with internal termite damage inferred from visible tunnels on
17. Wall mosaic "Dedication of the Church to the Virgin" investigation by RASCAN radar of the University
18. In St. Petersburg, the famous Senate building, which was built by Italian architect Carlo di Giovanni
19. The survey was performed by holographic subsurface radar RASCAN-4/2000 Holographic subsurface radar RASCAN-4/2000in work. Wells with
20. а) б) в) Result of the survey: а) radar image of a floor part б) position
21. The result of surveying was drawn on the floor surface by chalk.
22. An Example of Holographic Subsurface Radar Image In this image, it is possible to see how
23. Surveying of the Leningradskaya hotel, Moscow
25. Surveying of a Concrete Floor Heating plastic pipe Concrete floor inspection
27. Examples of RASCAN Diagnostics Radar images of the ferroconcrete walls Radar images of the cinder concrete
28. A special experimental setup designed for subsurface radar imaging was applied, it allows sampling at arbitrary
29. Dinosaur’s Track Sample A model mold-and-cast dinosaur track was created by making a gypsum plaster cast
30. The experiments were conducted in three frequency ranges: 6.4-7.0, 12.8-15.2 and 18.0-21.5 GHz. 6/9 Experimental Results
31. Columbia’s Accident Space Shuttle Columbia take off on 16th of January 2003. Columbia’s remains after unfortunate
32. Diagnostics of Composite Materials HF holographic radar (22-26 GHz) for composite materials diagnostics
33. Diagnostics of Composite Materials Drawing of the sample MW hologram reconstruction
34. For the first time for 350 years history of the London Royal Society, the Russian scientists
35. CONCLUSION Holographic subsurface radar technology is not universal one. However in some cases it can be
36. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support for this work was provided by the Russian Science Foundation under project # 21-19-00043
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Слайд 2

- Reference signal
Comparison of Impulse and Holographic Radar Principle Circuits

Слайд 3

Recording a Point Source in Optical Holography and its Hologram Reconstruction
Hologram registration
Hologram

reconstruction

Слайд 4

RASCAN-4/2000
2 GHz
RASCAN-5/4000, 4 GHz
RASCAN-5/7000, 7 GHz
RASCAN-Series Radars

Слайд 5

Comparative Table of RASCAN-Series Radars
(*) - Low emitting power guarantees

full safety for personnel while using RASCAN radars (two orders less than a mobile phone has), Russian sanitary certificate # 77.01.09.650.П.041358.10.05.

Слайд 6

Detail View of RASCAN-5/4000 Radar
The Laboratory's staff members had been rewarded

with Russian Federation government's prize in the field of science and technology for creation of the RASCAN radar technology.

Слайд 7

Inspection of the Church of San Biagio near Siena, Italy
The

Church of S. Biagio was built near the city of Siena by Antonio da Sangallo during the 15th century.
The international team of Italian, American, and Russian scientists conducted an inspection of the floor in the Church of S. Biagio.
Aim of this experiment was to search for hidden cavities underneath the floor by using commercial GPRs – RASCAN and GSSI radars.

Слайд 8

The aim of this experiments was to search for hidden cavities

underneath the floor by using commercial GPRs – RASCAN and GSSI radars.

Слайд 9

Radioimages of the medallion in two polarizations
A marble medallion on the

floor

Searching in archives results that ancient burial of XVI century has place under medallion.

Слайд 10

Laboratory Model of the Medallion
RASCAN (left) and IRT (RIGHT) images of

bricks beneath a stone slab.
The thermal anomaly is created by the bricks resting on a cool concrete slab.
Images are 30cm by 30cm. IRT image spans 2.6oC.

Laboratory model of the medallion supports

Слайд 11

Cracks Detection
A 30cm by 30cm piece of marble contains two nearly

invisible, hairline cracks; one vertical and one horizontal. At left is a RASCAN-4/4000 image of the slab with the cracks barely dampened using a fine paint brush, and right shows an IRT image of the same. In both cases, the moisture highlights the cracks. IRT image spans 1.8oC.

Слайд 12

The investigation on the Croce di San Marco with Rascan 4/4000
Description

of the cross
The Cross of San Marco dates back to the mid-fourteenth century and is attributed to Puccio di Simone.
The work can be considered one of the greatest of Florentine painting: it reaches a total height of 6.30 meters. The plank is made up of a vertical part, the upright of a cross, and a horizontal part, the arm, which are joined together by a joint between wood.
The thickness of the poplar planks is 7 cm and the entire support, including the crosspieces, reaches a thickness of about 25 cm for a total weight estimated at around 500 kg.

Scans
For this first phase of measurements it was decided to scan three areas that cover the areas of the supporting infrastructure and the area of the relief insert for the aureole.
The work was protected with a green cloth supporting a plexiglass sheet provided with numbered scan lines. If necessary, the plexiglass plate was blocked by pressing it with a wooden vice.

Слайд 13

First scanning area
The first scanning area is positioned vertically along the

trunk of the image of Christ.
In the images relating to the three intermediate frequencies of the CROSS polarization the metal nails are clearly visible, which are used to hold the structural parts of the wooden cross together.
Always in CROSS polarization the image relative to the frequency of 3.7GHz shows in a particularly clear way the contrast between the area laminated in gold and the area painted on wood. In this image is clearly visible a puff placed at the blood sketch on the side.

Second scanning area
The second scan area was placed horizontally, at the top of the cross just below the halo.
Also in this scan the images of the fixing nails are confirmed, this time better visible in the images related to the PARALLEL polarization. Note that this scan is done in an orthogonal direction with respect to the previous one.
At the three higher frequencies, both in CROSS polarization and in PARALLEL polarization, numerous striations are visible, compatible with the flaming of the underlying wood.

Third scanning area
The third scan area is still positioned vertically but narrower than the first area to rise above the halo area.

Слайд 14

Investigation on the Croce di S. Marco
Parallel – 3.6GHz
Cross – 3.7GHz

Слайд 15

Spurt of blood.
One of the peculiarities that emerged during the survey

is the presence in the radar images of a shape that follows the sketch of blood coming from the wound on the rib.
The presence of this trace was unexpected on the area painted on the golden plate. In fact, it is not plausible that a dielectric layer with a thickness of less than one tenth of a millimeter can modify the module or phase of the reflected wave.
To corroborate this hypothesis, a specimen has been made with gold foil partially covered by a layer of minio. In this case, as expected, the measurement carried out above the minio layer is not distinguishable from that made above the gold foil without minio.
The hypothesis that seems to be more plausible is that the paint used for the san-gue sketch contains metallic elements, and therefore can be assimilated to a non-perfect conductor. In this case, the electric field would be only partially canceled, thus resulting in a variation of phase different from 180 °, from which the image above.
This second hypothesis is confirmed by the analyzes carried out previously by the Opificio delle Pietre Dure of Florence, which highlight the significant presence of lead in the paint of the blood sketch.
Lead was used at the time of processing to make the color white, here used to represent water mixed with blood that comes from the side of Christ.

Слайд 16

Inspecting Wooden Structures
Three dry pine boards with internal termite damage inferred

from visible tunnels on edges. RASCAN (middle) and IRT (bottom) anomalies show remarkable coincidence, and confirm that the damage visible on edges extends into planks. Planks and images are 25cm wide, variable length. IRT images span 3.9oC.

Слайд 17

Wall mosaic "Dedication of the Church to the Virgin" investigation by

RASCAN radar of the University of Padua (Italy).
The church of Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio (La Martorana) in Palermo, Sicily.

Слайд 18

In St. Petersburg, the famous Senate building, which was built by

Italian architect Carlo di Giovanni Rossi in 1829–1834, had been under reconstruction and parquet had to be laid. Heating pipes, electricity and communication wires were laid under floor of the building. Their location was not documented. According to the technology, before the laying of the parquet on the concrete floor, plywood sheets should be nailed to its surface. But this could not be done because of fear to damage the pipes and other communications. Our laboratory was asked to search location of the pipes and communications.

Survey of the Senate Building in St. Petersburg

Слайд 19

The survey was performed by holographic subsurface radar RASCAN-4/2000
Holographic subsurface radar

RASCAN-4/2000in work.

Wells with cables in the concrete floor.

Слайд 20

а)
б)
в)
Result of the survey:
а) radar image of a floor part
б)

position of pipes and cables on the radar image в) drawing of the internal structure of the floor.

Слайд 21

The result of surveying was drawn on the floor surface by

chalk.

Слайд 22

An Example of Holographic Subsurface Radar Image
In this image, it is possible

to see how the heater pipes are bending over the cable.

Слайд 23

Surveying of the Leningradskaya hotel, Moscow

Слайд 24

Слайд 25

Surveying of a Concrete Floor
Heating plastic pipe
Concrete floor inspection

Слайд 26

Слайд 27

Examples of RASCAN Diagnostics
Radar images of the ferroconcrete walls
Radar images of

the cinder concrete briks walls. Black spots are voids in the briks.

Stone wall under plaster

A ventilation channel in concrete wall

An electrical socket and wire in concrete wall

A hand under table

Слайд 28

A special experimental setup designed for subsurface radar imaging was applied,

it allows sampling at arbitrary programmable points, testing various scanning and sounding parameters.
The data acquisition is accomplished by automatic scanning.

5/9

Experimental Setup

For the reconstruction of the MW holograms back-propagation technique was applied, based on the Fast Fourier Transform.

Слайд 29

Dinosaur’s Track Sample
A model mold-and-cast dinosaur track was created by making

a gypsum plaster cast of an actual dinosaur track (var. Anamoepus from Dinosaur State Park in Connecticut, USA) and reproducing the tightly-fitting mold from this cast

Mold: area of 255×225 mm, height of 27 mm
Cast: same area, height of 22 mm
The track: in the middle of the samples, 11 cm long by 7.5 cm wide

Mold

Cast

PIRS 2017

4/9

Слайд 30

The experiments were conducted in three frequency ranges: 6.4-7.0, 12.8-15.2 and

18.0-21.5 GHz.

6/9

Experimental Results

The scanned area — 250×220 mm, the sampling step — 3 mm, the distance to the sample surface — 25 mm.

? the feasibility of MW holographic subsurface radar
technology for non-contact imaging and recording of tracks where they are exposed
(some track surfaces are fragile)

Слайд 31

Columbia’s Accident
Space Shuttle Columbia take off on 16th of January 2003.

Columbia’s remains after unfortunate landing on 1st of February 2003, Flight International, 29 April-5 May 2003, pp. 26-29.
Collected on the ground remains of Columbia were laid out in a hangar by the NASA Investigation Board.

Слайд 32

Diagnostics of Composite Materials
HF holographic radar (22-26 GHz) for composite materials

diagnostics

Слайд 33

Diagnostics of Composite Materials
Drawing of the sample
MW hologram reconstruction

Слайд 34

For the first time for 350 years history of the London

Royal Society, the Russian scientists participated in an exposition of the anniversary Society’s Summer Scientific Exhibition. Within the frame of the joint international project related to humanitarian demining, the holographic subsurface radar RASCAN-4 designed in Remote Sensing Laboratory has been presented. Our stand was included in the VIP short-list. Queen of England Elizabeth II visited the laboratory’s stand to familiarize herself with this Russian technology.

Слайд 35

CONCLUSION
Holographic subsurface radar technology is not universal one. However in some

cases it can be useful and unique in obtained results.
It gives opportunity to record images of objects’ internal structures at one-side access to them.
In this quality RASCAN radars differ from X-ray devices that need two-side access to the structure under consideration. Two-side access is impossible in the most cases.

Слайд 36

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Support for this work was provided by the Russian Science Foundation

under project # 21-19-00043
Russian Foundation for Basic Research under projects #19-57-18001 and # 20-57-46004 .
Authors express their gratitude to Dr. Roberto Olmi, IFAC CNR – Italy,
for his help in investigation of the Croce di San Marco.

Remote Sensing Laboratory

Содержание

- Reference signalComparison of Impulse and Holographic Radar Principle Circuits

Recording a Point Source in Optical Holography and its Hologram ReconstructionHologram registrationHologram

RASCAN-4/20002 GHzRASCAN-5/4000, 4 GHzRASCAN-5/7000, 7 GHzRASCAN-Series Radars

Comparative Table of RASCAN-Series Radars (*) - Low emitting power guarantees

Detail View of RASCAN-5/4000 RadarThe Laboratory's staff members had been rewarded

Inspection of the Church of San Biagio near Siena, Italy The

The aim of this experiments was to search for hidden cavities

Radioimages of the medallion in two polarizationsA marble medallion on the

Laboratory Model of the MedallionRASCAN (left) and IRT (RIGHT) images of

Cracks DetectionA 30cm by 30cm piece of marble contains two nearly

The investigation on the Croce di San Marco with Rascan 4/4000Description

First scanning areaThe first scanning area is positioned vertically along the

Investigation on the Croce di S. MarcoParallel – 3.6GHzCross – 3.7GHz

Spurt of blood.One of the peculiarities that emerged during the survey

Inspecting Wooden StructuresThree dry pine boards with internal termite damage inferred