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- 2. England in 1066 As soon as Harold II became king of England he was challenged by
- 3. The Battle of Hastings At the Battle of Hastings (October, 14, 1066) Harold was killed, and
- 4. William I was crowned King of England but the English people remembered him as William the
- 5. Most common people in England lost all their rights and came to be regarded as mere
- 6. The Domesday Book In 1086, William ordered to make a register of people and land holdings
- 7. According to the Domesday book, in the 11th century there were 32 towns in England, London
- 8. The Plantagenets After the death of William the Conqueror the throne passed first to his sons,
- 9. Henry II Plantagenet (1133 / 1154 – 1189) Henry II was the founder of the dynasty
- 10. Henry II also tried to curb the power of the Church. But it failed because of
- 11. Richard I the Lionhearted (1157 / 1189 – 1199) Henry II was succeeded by his son
- 12. John Lackland (1167 / 1199 – 1216) King John the Lackland, the younger brother of Richard,
- 13. Magna Carta In 1215, the barons seized the capital and made king John sign a historic
- 14. Magna Carta (1215) The king was to guarantee and protect the freedom of his subjects No
- 15. Henry III King John had to sign the Charter, but as soon as the barons left
- 16. The birth of Parliament Simon de Montfort Led by Simon de Montfort, the barons captured Henry
- 17. Parliament Later the opposition of Montfort and the barons was ultimately defeated, but English kings kept
- 18. Conquering of Wales Edward I (1239 / 1272 – 1307) Carnarvon Conway Caerphily At the end
- 19. Cultural development As a result of the Norman invasion, England became part of the European culture.
- 20. Norman architecture The Normans constructed a variety of forts and castles all over the country. Their
- 21. Romanesque cathedrals In the 11th and 12th centuries the Normans built monumental cathedrals with thick walls,
- 22. Gothic cathedrals From the 12th century on high graceful spires and pointed arches marked the development
- 23. Gothic cathedrals The walls were decorated with sculpture and elaborate ornaments, stained glass was used for
- 24. Education Great progress was made in the sphere of education. Oxford, the first English university, was
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