Enlightenment Pope

Июль 27, 2022

Содержание

2. The 17th century was one, of the most stormy periods of English history
3. The political situation in the country was complicated. The growing contradictions between the new class, the
4. As a result of the revolution, the king was dethroned and beheaded and England was proclaimed
5. The 18th century saw Great Britain rapidly growing into a capitalist country.
6. It was an age of intensive industrial development. New machinery was invented that turned Britain into
7. The 18th century was also remarkable for the development of science and culture. It was in
8. In spite of the progress of industry and culture in England the majority of :he English
9. The 17th and 18th centuries are known in the history of European culture as the period
10. The central problem of the Enlightenment ideology was that of man and his nature. The Enlighteners
11. Vice in people, they thought, was due to the miserable living conditions which could be changed
12. The English Enlighteners were not unanimous in their views. Daniel Defoe , Alexander Pope and Samuel
13. The other group included the writers who openly protested against the social order. They defended the
14. Henry Fielding Oliver Goldsmith
15. Robert Burns Richard Sheridan
16. Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
17. Alexander Pope was born in London in 1688
18. His father, a prosperous linen-draper, was a catholic, and because of his religion Pope was expelled
19. Pope's poetic career began with Four Pastorals published in 1709.
20. These were short poems on spring, summer, autumn and winter, closely fashioned on Virgil. His Essay
21. A mock-heroic poem The Rape of the Lock which appeared in 1712 enjoyed instant success. It
22. A certain Lord Petre cut a lock of hair from the head of young beauty named
23. This practical joke led to a quarrel between the two families. Pope seized on the occasion
24. Pope's next work was the translation of the Illiad, which brought his fame and established financial
25. After the Illiad Pope translated the Odyssey. After the publication of his Homer, as the two
26. In 1728 he published a long satire on the "dunces" — the bad poets — called
27. The theme of the poem is the most important theme of the Enlightenment — the fight
28. One of the best known and most quoted of his works is The Essay on Man.
29. In his Moral Essays and Essays on Criticism Pope expressed similar views. Yet he was not
30. Pope expressed his ideas in wonderfully quotable verse. After Shakespeare he is the most quoted of
31. These and many other quotations from Pope have found their way into common speech: "A little
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Слайд 2

The 17th century was one, of the most stormy periods of

English history

Слайд 3

The political situation in the country was complicated. The growing contradictions

between the new class, the bourgeoisie, and the old forces of feudalism brought about the English Bourgeois Revolution in the 1640s

Слайд 4

As a result of the revolution, the king was dethroned and

beheaded and England was proclaimed a republic. Though very soon monarchy was restored, the position of the bourgeoisie had changed.

Слайд 5

The 18th century saw Great Britain rapidly growing into a capitalist

country.

Слайд 6

It was an age of intensive industrial development. New machinery was

invented that turned Britain into the first capitalist power of the world.

Слайд 7

The 18th century was also remarkable for the development of science

and culture. It was in this period that English painting began to develop too.

Слайд 8

In spite of the progress of industry and culture in England

the majority of :he English people were still very ignorant. That is why one of the most important problems that faced the country was the problem of education.

Слайд 9

The 17th and 18th centuries are known in the history of

European culture as the period of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment defended the interest of the common people — craftsmen, tradesmen, peasants

Слайд 10

The central problem of the Enlightenment ideology was that of man

and his nature. The Enlighteners believed in reason as well as in man's inborn goodness.

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Vice in people, they thought, was due to the miserable living

conditions which could be changed by force of reason. They considered it their duty to enlighten people, to help them see the roots of evil. The Enlighteners also believed in the powerful educational value of art.

Слайд 12

The English Enlighteners were not unanimous in their views. Daniel Defoe

, Alexander Pope and Samuel Richardson spoke in defence of the existing order, considering that a few reforms were enough to improve it.

Слайд 13

The other group included the writers who openly protested against the

social order. They defended the interests of the exploited masses. They were: Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Oliver Goldsmith, Richard Sheridan, Robert Burns .

Jonathan Swift

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Henry Fielding
Oliver Goldsmith

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Robert Burns
Richard Sheridan

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Alexander Pope (1688-1744)

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Alexander Pope was born in London in 1688

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His father, a prosperous linen-draper, was a catholic, and because of

his religion Pope was expelled from the public schools and universities. He picked up most of his knowledge from books, and though he read much he never became an accurate scholar.

Слайд 19

Pope's poetic career began with Four Pastorals published in 1709.

Слайд 20

These were short poems on spring, summer, autumn and winter, closely

fashioned on Virgil. His Essay on Criticism contained Pope's aesthetic views.

Слайд 21

A mock-heroic poem The Rape of the Lock which appeared in

1712 enjoyed instant success. It was founded on an incident which occurred at that time.

Слайд 22

A certain Lord Petre cut a lock of hair from the

head of young beauty named Arabella Fermor (the Belinda of the poem).

Слайд 23

This practical joke led to a quarrel between the two families.

Pope seized on the occasion and wrote a long poem in which the society is pictured in detail and satirized with great wit.

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Pope's next work was the translation of the Illiad, which brought

his fame and established financial positions. Pope translated Homer in the elegant artificial language of his own age and gave the reading public what it wanted — a readable version of the Greek poem in accordance with the taste of time.

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After the Illiad Pope translated the Odyssey. After the publication of

his Homer, as the two poems are together popularly called, Pope wrote satiric poetry.

Слайд 26

In 1728 he published a long satire on the "dunces" —

the bad poets — called The Dunciad. In The Dunciad Pope ridiculed his literary opponents

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The theme of the poem is the most important theme of

the Enlightenment — the fight of the reason against ignorance and barbarity. It is the fiercest and the finest of Pope's satires.

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One of the best known and most quoted of his works

is The Essay on Man. The purpose of the essay is to justify the existing state of things.

Слайд 29

In his Moral Essays and Essays on Criticism Pope expressed similar

views. Yet he was not blind to the vices of bourgeois society, which he often criticized.

Слайд 30

Pope expressed his ideas in wonderfully quotable verse. After Shakespeare he

is the most quoted of English poets.

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These and many other quotations from Pope have found their way

into common speech:
"A little learning is a dangerous thing."
"And fools rush in, where angels fear to tread."
"The proper study of mankind is man."
"To err is human, to forgive divine."