How to give a science talk in context of IYPT

Июль 22, 2022

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How to give a science talk in context of IYPT

Содержание

2. Preview How it’s already done Who’s your audience What’s your message How to support the message
3. Problem statement Experimental setup Theoretical model Lots of experiments Theory and experiment comparison Conclusions References How
4. Think about your audience It cannot happen that most of your jury board is simultaneously incompetent.
5. Think about your message No elements of your talk are obligatory and Supreme Forces-required. You want
6. Crafting an argument Thesis Premises: Premise 1 Premise 2 Subpremise 1 Subpremise 2 Premise 3 Conclusion:
7. Crafting a physics argument Problem statement: Effect X is observed. Investigate and explain. Thesis: Effect X
8. Nonlinearity of the argument P1: Setup S is proposed and built P2: Theory T is suggested
9. How to tell proud from truth Audience generally believes what you say. If you claim that
10. Why cite and reference Building up from basic physics is cool, but it’s unlikely that each
11. HOW TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND YOU Trick 1: Thin down/skip/gloss over Trick 2: Walk-through Trick 3:
12. Perception of many objects Human brain cannot process too many objects at the same time. It
13. One bad plot – what do you see? A thousand points with error bars Some kind
14. One good plot – what do you see? I see one line Graphical collapse of data
15. Trick 1 What did I just do with one plot? I glossed over all my raw
16. A scary signal chain Start signal Stop signal
17. A plot analysis Background noise
18. Trick 2 Why are these comprehensible? I showed you the whole scheme/plot. I put animations showing
19. Two plots shown together
20. Picture vs plot Muons born Muons stop and decay Only muons from this region are observed
21. Trick 3 I broke the slide in two halves. Each half has a comprehensible number of
22. On math Calculating magnet’s field Bio-Savart law Use Heaviside step fn Fourier transform Integral in Fourier
23. On results and uncertainties Usually it is not possible to measure anything exactly. Uncertainty defines the
24. Conclusions Conclusions are a reiteration of the argument, they are not surprising. Your goal was to
25. How much of it? Optimal reporting speed is about 1-2 slides per minute. If you want
26. Acknowledgements/references References are best given along the presentation and reiterated in the end. Remember, the audience
27. Common courtesies Provide the audience with the structure of your talk. Show section delimiters if it’s
28. If it’s so good, how to criticize it? Opponent’s performance is making an argument of critical
29. Attacking a physics argument Effect X Thesis: T X Premises: P1: Setup S P2: Theory T
30. How to review it? You are to evaluate the argument of the reporter and the counterargument
32. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Preview
How it’s already done
Who’s your audience
What’s your message
How to support the

message throughout
How to finish

Слайд 3

Problem statement
Experimental setup
Theoretical model
Lots of experiments
Theory and experiment comparison
Conclusions
References
How you see

IYPT presentations

TheoreticalMathematical model

Because we start with a given problem
Because we built a really great machine
Because math rules and we know fancy function names
Because there are 4 parameters and we varied them all
Because our plots bend in the same direction
Because my teamlead told me so
Because they will complain if I don’t have this slide

Standard scientific

IYPT

Слайд 4

Think about your audience
It cannot happen that most of your jury

board is simultaneously incompetent.
If they all don’t get what you say – it’s your problem.
It’s your job to do science work and make conclusions. It’s their job to listen.
When you’re not reporting, observe yourself observing a talk. What matters for you, what convinces you, what bores?

Слайд 5

Think about your message
No elements of your talk are obligatory and

Supreme Forces-required.
You want to say that you solved the required problem. Saying how much you struggled on it doesn’t help the case.
You prove that you’re correct by presenting a compelling argument.

Слайд 6

Crafting an argument
Thesis
Premises:
Premise 1
Premise 2
Subpremise 1
Subpremise 2
Premise 3
Conclusion: thesis is true

Слайд 7

Crafting a physics argument
Problem statement: Effect X is observed. Investigate and

explain.
Thesis: Effect X is explained with theory T
Premises:
P1: Setup S is proposed and built
P2: Theory T is suggested
P3: Series of experiments E is conducted
P4: Results of E fit with predictions of T
Conclusion: Effect X is explained with theory T

Слайд 8

Nonlinearity of the argument
P1: Setup S is proposed and built
P2: Theory

T is suggested
P2.1: Assumption A is used to build theory
P2.2: Theory T gives predictions
P3: Series of experiments E is conducted
P4: Results of E fit with predictions of T

Слайд 9

How to tell proud from truth
Audience generally believes what you say.
If

you claim that you’ve done all the thinking work yourself, it is obnoxious.
Your novelty is only visible in contrast with existing knowledge.
Making unified conclusions is harder than measuring and writing formulas and reading papers. Be proud of your higher-level achievements.

Слайд 10

Why cite and reference
Building up from basic physics is cool, but

it’s unlikely that each your idea is original. Some ideas are, and conclusions are.
For this reason referencing contemporary research and journals is more respectable than referencing textbooks.
Often existence of reference is more important than its content.

Слайд 11

HOW TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND YOU
Trick 1: Thin down/skip/gloss over
Trick 2:

Walk-through
Trick 3: Dichotomies (comparing of two objects)

Слайд 12

Perception of many objects
Human brain cannot process too many objects at

the same time. It does not depend on the competence of the viewer, it depends on the quality of presentation.
Fortunately, you usually really don’t need to draw attention to many objects to convey your message.

Слайд 13

One bad plot – what do you see?
A thousand points with

error bars

Some kind of trend, I guess…

Each single point of these is not important!

Слайд 14

One good plot – what do you see?
I see one line
Graphical

collapse of data

I see a number with uncertainty

Numerical collapse of data

Слайд 15

Trick 1
What did I just do with one plot?
I glossed over

all my raw data showing that I did it.
I distracted you by showing the trend line and the number, thinned down my data.
I skipped telling you the methods of these collapses, and you still believe me.

Слайд 16

A scary signal chain
Start signal
Stop signal

Слайд 17

A plot analysis

Background noise

Слайд 18

Trick 2
Why are these comprehensible?
I showed you the whole scheme/plot.
I put

animations showing technical details along the signal chain or plot analysis.
I walked you through the chain/analysis.
I used colored takeaway points.
I showed different information with the main scheme and the takeaways.

Слайд 19

Two plots shown together

Слайд 20

Picture vs plot

Muons born
Muons stop and decay

Only muons from this region
are

observed at ground level

Слайд 21

Trick 3
I broke the slide in two halves.
Each half has a

comprehensible number of objects.
Two halves complement each other.

Слайд 22

On math
Calculating magnet’s field
Bio-Savart law
Use Heaviside step fn
Fourier transform
Integral in Fourier

space
Use Bessel fns
Fourier transform back
Plot the field

Premise

Conclusion

Thin down/ skip

Proud in a physics talk

Слайд 23

On results and uncertainties
Usually it is not possible to measure anything

exactly.
Uncertainty defines the quality of result.
Larger data doesn’t just give larger proud, it gives smaller uncertainty in collapse.
Quoting uncertainties not just enhances your argument, but also can make it succeed or fail.
Discrepancy/uncertainty is a good gauge.

Слайд 24

Conclusions
Conclusions are a reiteration of the argument, they are not surprising.
Your

goal was to coordinate theory and experiment results. Show that you did it.
Don’t stress the achievement of data. Stress the results and your confidence in them, that demonstrates data enough.

Слайд 25

How much of it?
Optimal reporting speed is about 1-2 slides per

minute.
If you want to show big data/scheme/math, don’t waste audience’s time in making them analyze it. It is your job. Use tricks to present.

Слайд 26

Acknowledgements/references
References are best given along the presentation and reiterated in the

end. Remember, the audience cannot go back and forth as in reading a paper.
Thanking contributing people for helpful discussions is a nice touch.

Слайд 27

Common courtesies
Provide the audience with the structure of your talk. Show

section delimiters if it’s long, provide an outline, provide visible slide numbers.
Don’t invite anybody to your extra slides. Whenever you go there, you are almost surely lost. Same rules of proud vs truth apply to extra slides.

Слайд 28

If it’s so good, how to criticize it?
Opponent’s performance is making

an argument of critical evaluation, except for the conclusion is decided in the end.
You can challenge validity of the argument: is the conclusion true if premises are? Or you can challenge the soundness: are the premises true?
Your conclusion is that the reporter’s argument is either good and sound, or needs some work or fails.

Слайд 29

Attacking a physics argument
Effect X
Thesis: T<->X
Premises:
P1: Setup S
P2: Theory T
P3: Experiments

E
P4: E<->T
Conclusion: T<->X

Does it capture all the effects?

Are the assumptions true?

Are uncertainties evaluated correctly?

This is the Battleship game – you can’t sink the argument with one shot

Is there a numerical convergence with little uncertainty?

Are the theory and experiments sufficient to justify the conclusion?

Слайд 30

How to review it?
You are to evaluate the argument of the

reporter and the counterargument of the opponent.
If they are in strict opposition, no more than one of them can win.
You can reconcile the two, ask for more investigation, or agree with one of them.

How to give a science talk in context of IYPT

Содержание

PreviewHow it’s already doneWho’s your audienceWhat’s your messageHow to support the

Problem statementExperimental setupTheoretical modelLots of experimentsTheory and experiment comparisonConclusionsReferencesHow you see

Think about your audienceIt cannot happen that most of your jury

Think about your messageNo elements of your talk are obligatory and

Crafting an argumentThesisPremises:Premise 1Premise 2Subpremise 1Subpremise 2Premise 3Conclusion: thesis is true

Crafting a physics argumentProblem statement: Effect X is observed. Investigate and

Nonlinearity of the argumentP1: Setup S is proposed and builtP2: Theory

How to tell proud from truthAudience generally believes what you say.If

Why cite and referenceBuilding up from basic physics is cool, but

HOW TO MAKE THEM UNDERSTAND YOUTrick 1: Thin down/skip/gloss overTrick 2:

Perception of many objectsHuman brain cannot process too many objects at

One bad plot – what do you see?A thousand points with

One good plot – what do you see?I see one lineGraphical

Trick 1What did I just do with one plot?I glossed over

A scary signal chainStart signalStop signal

A plot analysis Background noise

Trick 2Why are these comprehensible?I showed you the whole scheme/plot.I put