The system of state bodies of India

Август 21, 2022

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The system of state bodies of India

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2. Content President Qualifications to become President Legislative power Executive power Judicial power
3. The head of the state
4. President Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian lawyer and politician serving as
5. Qualifications to become president of India According to Article 58 of the Constitution, no person shall
6. Manner of election and term of office The manner of election of President is provided by
7. Functions The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and
8. Termination of his office The president may also be removed before the expiry of the term
9. Legislative power
10. Parliament The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It
11. Eligibility criteria to become member of parliament A person must satisfy all following conditions to be
12. Manner of election Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and
13. Functions The main function of both the Houses is to make laws. Every Bill has to
14. Executive power
15. Government and council of ministers The Union Council of Ministers exercises executive authority in the Republic
16. Functions Following are the functions of the Council of Ministers of India: 1. All the departments
17. Judicial power
18. Courts system The Indian judicial system follows the common law system based on recorded judicial precedents
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Content
President
Qualifications to become President
Legislative power
Executive power
Judicial power

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The head of the state

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President
Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is an Indian lawyer

and politician serving as the 14th and current president of India since his inauguration in 2017.
He is also the first person from Uttar Pradesh to serve as President of India.
Prior to his presidency, he served as the 26th governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and as a member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006.
Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practiced in the Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court of India until 1993.

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Qualifications to become president of India
According to Article 58 of the

Constitution, no person shall be eligible for election as President unless he is a citizen of India, has completed the age of thirty-five years and is qualified for election as a member of the House of the People.

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Manner of election and term of office
The manner of election of

President is provided by Article 55 of the constitution. Each elector casts a different number of votes. The general principle is that the total number of votes cast by Members of parliament equals the total number of votes cast by State Legislators.
The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.

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Functions
The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and

defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60.
The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of the chief justice.
The President may dismiss a judge with a two-thirds vote of the two Houses of the parliament.

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Termination of his office
The president may also be removed before the

expiry of the term through impeachment for violating the Constitution of India by the Parliament of India.
The process may start in either of the two houses of the parliament.
The house initiates the process by levelling the charges against the president.

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Legislative power

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Parliament
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the

Republic of India.
It is a bicameral legislature composed of the President of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha.

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Eligibility criteria to become member of parliament
A person must satisfy all

following conditions to be qualified to become a member of parliament of the Lok Sabha;
Must be a citizen of India.
Must not be less than 25 years of age.
Must be a voter for any parliamentary constituency in India.
Candidate of a recognised political party needs one proposer from his/her constituency for his/her nomination.
An independent candidate needs ten proposers.
Candidates are required to make a security deposit of ₹25,000 (US$330).

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Manner of election
Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an

adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers.

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Functions
The main function of both the Houses is to make laws.

Every Bill has to be passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law.
The subjects over which Parliament can legislate are the subjects mentioned under the Union List in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India.

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Executive power

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Government and council of ministers
The Union Council of Ministers exercises executive

authority in the Republic of India.
It consists of Cabinet Ministers, Minister of State and Ministers of State (Independent Charge).
The council is led by the Prime Minister of India.

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Functions
Following are the functions of the Council of Ministers of India:
1.

All the departments of the Government are under the control of the Ministers and it is their responsibility to run the administration in a good manner.
2. They maintain order and peace in the state.
3. They play a big role in the making of the law of the state.
4. They introduce Bills, participate in the discussion and cast their vote.
5. The budget of the states is prepared by the Council of Ministers.
6. They review the work of planning and Planning Commission.
7. The cabinet also controls the foreign tours of the President and other ministers

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Judicial power

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Courts system
The Indian judicial system follows the common law system based

on recorded judicial precedents as inherited from the British colonial legacy.
The court system of India comprises the Supreme Court of India, the High Courts and subordinate courts at district, municipal and village levels.