Academic articles writing and analysis_Lecture 6_Literature Review

TOPIC

Producing literature review

Purposes of literature review
to review
to evaluate
to compile
to reorganize
to synthesize
to integrate
to digest

specific subject (introduction section)
Shorter than stand-alone reviews
Narrower in scope
Used to set research preceding or supporting theory or methods

LITERATURE REVIEW
( STAND-ALONE ARTICLE)
Present and analyze many relevant texts to explain an approach or theory
More extended analysis
Broader in scope
Refer to literature rather than to one current study

IT

WORKS
Use mind maps and charts to identify
intersections of the research and outline important
categories
Select the material most useful to your literature
review

Scholarly articles 2. Books
3. Dissertations 4. Conference papers

important concepts or findings discussed in each text
Take notes of important aspects

RELATE TO RESULTS OF STUDY & ESTABLISH HOW THE LITERATURE IS CONNECTED
Identify the missing parts in previous studies that your study refers to.
Highlight concepts that support your hypothesis, methods, results or conclusions.
Identify what is accurate and what is out of scope within the addressed studies.

2050

Literature Review
Since Conference of the Parties (COP) 21 in 2015 at the latest, limiting the effects of climate change and decarbonizing and decentralizing the existing energy systems has become a topic and a task not only for scientists but also for states and subnational state institutions. As the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (Ren21) stated in its annual report of 2018 [46], 169 countries have already set their own targets for renewable energies. The transformation of energy systems is underway around the world with varying degrees of ambition, as shown, among other things, by the large volumes of investment in renewable energy plants. Nevertheless, the Ren21 report also shows a slightly reduced effort globally: Compared to 2017, global investment has fallen, CO2 emissions increased by 1.7% last year, some countries have retired from their own climate targets, and overall efforts are insufficient to meet the climate targets of the Paris Agreement [46]. That is why it is important that research continues on a global, supranational, national, and regional level in this area and that studies are being published that demonstrate the relevance of the issue and can put pressure on decision-makers.
There is a variety of studies available that analyze possible pathways for decarbonized energy systems. While some studies are focusing on a global context [47,48] or on a European level [49–53]. Connolly et al. [53] used the 2013 version of the EU reference scenario [54] to calculate a European energy system in 2050 with integrated transportation, heating and cooling and industry sectors, which relies on renewables by 100%.

They conclude, that it is possible without using unsustainable amounts of biomass and by additional system costs of 12%. Following the question of technical feasibility and the burden that lies on the power sector and the European transmission grid, Zappa et al. [52] used various reference scenarios determining future power demands and data from entso-e, to conclude that the installed power generation capacity has to increase from 1 Terawatt (TW) to 1.9 TWin 2050. Around 8.5 Exajoule (EJ) from Biomass will be used in the power sector, compared to Connolly et al. [53] 13.5 EJ in the whole European energy system. in hand with levelized costs for electricity of around 27–32e per MWh. Also using GENeSYS-MOD, Hainsch et al. [49] model a low carbon energy system for Europe. They conclude that achieving a target where global warming is limited to 1.5 is only feasible under certain conditions while staying below 2.0 will only generate 1.5% additional costs compared to the business as usual case. Using the Dynamic Investment and DispatchModel for the Future European Electricity Market (dynELMOD), Gerbaulet et al. [50] calculate that PV throughout Europe, as in Germany, is only used half as much as wind power in 2050. Also, they figure out that by 2050, a 98% decarbonization can be achieved, which goes hand in hand with levelized costs for electricity of around 27–32e per MWh.
Considering a global level with some regional detail, Ram et al. [48] conclude that 100% renewable energies are feasible, as well as levelized costs in electricity are falling, but are rising in heat supply. In contrast to Gerbaulet et al. [50], their calculations suggest that Germany’s renewable energy system will be based primarily on solar energy generation.

Secretariat: Paris, France, 2019; ISBN 978-3-9818911-7-1.
[REPORT]
47. Pleßmann, G.; Erdmann, M.; Hlusiak, M.; Breyer, C. Global energy storage demand for a 100% renewable electricity supply. Energy Procedia 2014, 46, 22–31, doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.154.
[ARTICLE]
48. Ram, M.; Bogdanov, D.; Aghahosseini, A.; Gulagi, A.; Oyewo, A.; Child, M.; Caldera, U.; Sadovskaia, K.; Farfan, J.; Barbosa, L.; et al. Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy—Power, Heat, Transport and Desalination Sectors; Technical Report; Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta: Berlin, Germany, 2019; ISBN 978-952-335-339-8.
[REPORT]
49. Hainsch, K.; Burandt, T.; Kemfert, C.; Löffler, K.; Oei, P.Y.; von Hirschhausen, C. Emission pathways towards a low-carbon energy system for Europe—A model-based analysis of decarbonization scenarios. DIW Berlin Discussion Paper 2018, 1745, 1–34. [DISCUSSION PAPER]
50. Gerbaulet, C.; von Hirschhausen, C.; Kemfert, C.; Lorenz, C.; Oei, P.Y. European electricity sector decarbonization under different levels of foresight. Renew. Energy 2019, 141, 973–987, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.099.
[ARTICLE]
51. Child, M.; Kemfert, C.; Bogdanov, D.; Breyer, C. Flexible electricity generation, grid exchange and storage for the transition to a 100% renewable energy system in Europe. Rene. Energy 2019, 139, 80–101, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.077.
[ARTICLE]
52. Zappa, W.; Junginger, M.; van den Broek, M. Is a 100% renewable European power system feasible by 2050? Appl. Energy 2019, 233–234, 1027–1050, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.109.
[ARTICLE]
53. Connolly, D.; Lund, H.; Mathiesen, B. Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 60, 1634–1653, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.025. [ARTICLE]
54. European Commission. EU Reference Scenario 2016: Energy, Transport and GHG emissions—Trends to 2050; Technical Report; European Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2016.
[REPORT]

many literature reviews and articles
Focus on more current sources
Take notes while reading literature
LENGTH:
stand-alone review – 2-3 pages
introducing the study – 2-4 paragraphs
NUMBER OF SOURCES
stand-alone review – 5-15 – 30+
introducing the study – < 5

from your field of study that you have found after the first lecture
Identify the purpose of scientist(s) in presenting this literature review
Define and calculate the sources in this literature review
Identify the type of the sources and their publication date revising the current lecture material
Do the tasks on the online platform