физиология НС

Сентябрь 3, 2022

Главная
Алгебра
физиология НС

Содержание

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Central Nervous System CNS: brain and
3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Glial Cells 90% of CNS composed
4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Glial Cells Figure 9.1
5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Astrocytes Development of neural connections Possibly
6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Microglia Protect CNS from foreign matter
7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CNS: Physical Support Figure 9.2a
8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CNS: Physical Support Figure 9.2b
9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Extracellular fluid of
10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 9.3c Cerebral Spinal Fluid
11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CSF Production Total volume of CSF
12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Blood Supply to the CNS CNS
13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. High Demand for Blood Depends on
14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Stroke Caused by decreased blood supply
15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Blood-Brain Barrier Capillaries Sites of exchange
16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Blood-Brain Barrier Figure 9.4b
17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CNS: Gray and White Matter Figure
18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. White Matter in Brain Projection fibers
19. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. CNS: Gray and White Matter Figure
20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. II. Spinal Cord Cylinder of nerve
21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Spinal Cord Figure 9.6
22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dermatome Sensory region of skin Each
23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dermatome Figure 9.7
24. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Gray
25. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Spinal Cord: Cross Section Figure 9.8
26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Spinal Cord: Tracts Figure 9.9
27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Spinal Cord: Ascending Tracts Figure 9.10a
28. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Spinal Cord: Descending Tracts Figure 9.10b
29. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Brain Figure 9.11a–b
30. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 9.11c Midbrain Spinal cord Pons
31. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Premotor cortex (coordinates voluntary movements) Primary
32. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Topographical Organization: Motor Figure 9.15b
33. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Topographical Organization: Sensory Figure 9.15a
34. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. The Limbic System Figure 9.17
35. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Functions of Limbic System Learning Emotions
36. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Reflexes Automatic patterned response to a
37. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Classes of Reflexes Table 9.3
38. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Reflex Arc Figure 9.18
39. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Stretch Reflex Figure 9.19
41. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Central Nervous

System

CNS: brain and spinal cord
Necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis
Contains 1011 neurons
Contains 1014 synapses
Responsible for everything we perceive, do, feel, and think

Слайд 3

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Glial Cells
90%

of CNS composed of glia
Five types of glial cells
Astrocyte—numerous functions
Ependymal cells—line cavities
Microglia—phagocytes
Oligodendrocytes—form myelin
Schwann cells (located in PNS)—form myelin

Слайд 4

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Glial Cells
Figure

9.1

Слайд 5

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Astrocytes
Development of

neural connections
Possibly modulate synaptic activity
Remove neurotransmitter from synaptic cleft
Communicate to neurons through chemical messengers
Maintain normal electrolyte composition of ISF in CNS
Protect neurons against toxic substances and oxidative stress

Слайд 6

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Microglia
Protect CNS

from foreign matter through phagocytosis
Bacteria
Dead or injured cells
Protect CNS from oxidative stress

Слайд 7

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Physical

Support

Figure 9.2a

Слайд 8

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Physical

Support

Figure 9.2b

Слайд 9

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Cerebrospinal Fluid

(CSF)

Extracellular fluid of the CNS
Secreted by ependymal cells of the choroid plexus
Circulates to subarachnoid space and ventricles
Reabsorbed by arachnoid villi
Functions
Cushions brain
Maintains stable interstitial fluid environment

Слайд 10

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 9.3c
Cerebral

Spinal Fluid

Слайд 11

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CSF Production
Total

volume of CSF = 125–150 mL
Choroid plexus produces 400–500 mL/day
Recycled three times a day

Слайд 12

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Blood Supply

to the CNS

CNS comprises 2% of body weight (3–4 pounds)
Receives 15% of blood supply
High metabolic rate
Brain uses 20% of oxygen consumed by body at rest
Brain uses 50% of glucose consumed by body at rest
Depends on blood flow for energy

Слайд 13

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
High Demand

for Blood

Depends on aerobic glycolysis
Requires glucose and oxygen
No glycogen stores
Fatty acids not used for energy
Ketones used during extreme conditions

Слайд 14

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Stroke
Caused by

decreased blood supply
Occlusion of cerebral blood vessel
Hemorrhage from cerebral blood vessel

Слайд 15

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Capillaries
Sites

of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
Blood-brain barrier
Special anatomy of CNS capillaries which limit exchange

Слайд 16

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Figure

9.4b

Слайд 17

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Gray

and White Matter

Figure 9.5a

Слайд 18

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
White Matter

in Brain

Projection fibers
Cerebral cortex with lower levels of brain or spinal cord
Association fibers
Connect two areas of cerebral cortex on same side of brain
Commissural fibers
Connect same cortical regions on two sides of brain
Corpus callosum
Primary location of commissural fibers

Слайд 19

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Gray

and White Matter

Figure 9.5b–c

Слайд 20

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
II. Spinal

Cord

Cylinder of nerve tissue
Continuous with brain
Surrounded by vertebral column
Origin of spinal nerves (31 pairs)

Слайд 21

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord
Figure

9.6

Слайд 22

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Dermatome
Sensory region

of skin
Each served by spinal nerve

Слайд 23

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Dermatome
Figure 9.7

Слайд 24

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord

and Spinal Nerves

Gray matter: functional halves
Dorsal: sensory functions
Ventral: motor functions
Spinal nerves are mixed
White matter forms tracts
Ascending
Descending

Слайд 25

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Cross Section

Figure 9.8

Слайд 26

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Tracts

Figure 9.9

Слайд 27

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Ascending Tracts

Figure 9.10a

Слайд 28

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Descending Tracts

Figure 9.10b

Слайд 29

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Brain
Figure 9.11a–b

Слайд 30

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 9.11c
Midbrain
Spinal

cord

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Forebrain

Cerebrum

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Brainstem

Diencephalon

Cerebellum

Corpus
callosum

(c)

Midsagittal section

Brain: Midsagittal View

Слайд 31

somatosensory
cortex (somesthetic sensations
and proprioception)

Sensory association
areas (integration of
sensory information)

Primary motor cortex
(voluntary movement)

Central sulcus

Prefrontal
association
areas (idea and
plan for voluntary
movement, thoughts,
personality)

Broca’s area
(speech formation)

Limbic association
cortex (emotions,
learning, and memory)

Olfactory cortex
(smell)

Visual association
areas (higher vision
processing)

Wernicke’s area
(language
comprehension)

Auditory
association
areas

Primary auditory
cortex (hearing)

Primary visual cortex
(vision)

Functional Areas of Cerebrum

Figure 9.14

Functional Areas of Cerebrum

Слайд 32

Motor

Figure 9.15b

Слайд 33

Sensory

Figure 9.15a

Слайд 34

System

Figure 9.17

Слайд 35

Limbic System

Learning
Emotions
Behavior

Слайд 36

response to a stimulus

Слайд 37

Reflexes

Table 9.3

Слайд 38

9.18

Слайд 39

9.19

физиология НС

Содержание

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Central Nervous

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Glial Cells90%

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Glial CellsFigure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.AstrocytesDevelopment of

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.MicrogliaProtect CNS

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.CNS: Physical

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.CNS: Physical

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Cerebrospinal Fluid

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 9.3cCerebral

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.CSF ProductionTotal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Blood Supply

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.High Demand

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.StrokeCaused by

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Blood-Brain BarrierCapillariesSites

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Blood-Brain BarrierFigure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.CNS: Gray

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.White Matter

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.CNS: Gray

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.II. Spinal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Spinal CordFigure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.DermatomeSensory region

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.DermatomeFigure 9.7

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Spinal Cord

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.BrainFigure 9.11a–b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Figure 9.11cMidbrainSpinal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Premotor cortex(coordinatesvoluntarymovements)Primary

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Topographical Organization:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Topographical Organization:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.The Limbic

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Functions of

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.ReflexesAutomatic patterned

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Classes of

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Reflex ArcFigure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.Stretch ReflexFigure

Похожие презентации

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Central Nervous

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Glial Cells
90%

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Glial Cells
Figure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Astrocytes
Development of

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Microglia
Protect CNS

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Physical

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Physical

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Cerebrospinal Fluid

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 9.3c
Cerebral

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CSF Production
Total

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Blood Supply

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
High Demand

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Stroke
Caused by

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Capillaries
Sites

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Figure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Gray

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
White Matter

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CNS: Gray

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
II. Spinal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord
Figure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Dermatome
Sensory region

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Dermatome
Figure 9.7

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spinal Cord:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Brain
Figure 9.11a–b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 9.11c
Midbrain
Spinal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Premotor cortex
(coordinates
voluntary
movements)
Primary

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Topographical Organization:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Topographical Organization:

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
The Limbic

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Functions of

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Reflexes
Automatic patterned

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Classes of

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Reflex Arc
Figure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Stretch Reflex
Figure