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- 2. The purpose of language This is primarily functional, language is used to convey information or to
- 3. Defining language - Language is a system of communication - It involves sounds with arbitrary symbolic
- 4. Language is a system of communication This fact is fairly obvious. Despite the secondary functions to
- 5. Language is stimulus-free As opposed to most animal communication systems, human language does not need a
- 6. Language is structure-dependent Language does not consist of a string of random elements. The elements of
- 7. The relationship of words to concepts/objects language is arbitrary We should understand that the word ‘arbitrary’
- 8. Language shows duality of structure One of the major principles in the organization of language is
- 9. Language consists of discrete elements The sounds of a language must be kept apart clearly, that
- 10. Language is productive The number of utterances one can make in a language is not limited.
- 11. Language reflects reality By and large it is true to say that languages have words for
- 12. Correct language There is no such thing as correct language in any absolute sense as language
- 13. Primitive languages A frequent belief among non linguists is that some languages are more primitive than
- 14. Languages should be logical One should not expect languages to be logical in any strict sense.
- 15. Written language is superior to spoken language This is another common misconception about language. For social
- 16. The goal of linguistics There is a common view that the purpose of linguistics is to
- 17. Linguistic terminology The study of linguistics involves learning a whole series of new terms. Indeed the
- 18. Structural notions in linguistics The study of linguistics has two main aspects. Firstly, it is an
- 19. Closed class This refers to those elements or forms in a language which are limited in
- 20. Characteristics of closed classes 1) small number of units 2) poly functional 3) acquired in early
- 21. Open class This is a group of elements which can change in size, by adding new
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The purpose of language
This is primarily functional, language is used
The purpose of language
This is primarily functional, language is used
Defining language
- Language is a system of communication
- It involves sounds
Defining language
- Language is a system of communication
- It involves sounds
- It is used by humans
- It is a rule-governed system which is open-ended
Language is a system of communication
This fact is fairly obvious.
Language is a system of communication
This fact is fairly obvious.
Language is stimulus-free
As opposed to most animal communication systems, human
Language is stimulus-free
As opposed to most animal communication systems, human
Language is structure-dependent
Language does not consist of a string of
Language is structure-dependent
Language does not consist of a string of
The relationship of words to concepts/objects language is arbitrary
We should understand
The relationship of words to concepts/objects language is arbitrary
We should understand
Language shows duality of structure
One of the major principles in
Language shows duality of structure
One of the major principles in
Language consists of discrete elements
The sounds of a language must
Language consists of discrete elements
The sounds of a language must
Discreteness requires that one has an exact realization of each sound in the language variety which one speaks. This is the essential difference between noise and the sounds of human language. Noise can vary at random but sounds of language must hit their target closely otherwise they are in danger of being confused.
Language is productive
The number of utterances one can make in
Language is productive
The number of utterances one can make in
Language reflects reality
By and large it is true to say
Language reflects reality
By and large it is true to say
For instance, English has a special word for thumb, the finger on the inside of the hand which is at a slightly different angle from the others. But the equivalent on our feet, the big toe, does not have a special word for it. One could say that one uses one’s thumb more and one sees it more often and so there is a separate word for it. But not all languages work like that.
Correct language
There is no such thing as correct language in
Correct language
There is no such thing as correct language in
Primitive languages
A frequent belief among non linguists is that some
Primitive languages
A frequent belief among non linguists is that some
Languages should be logical
One should not expect languages to be
Languages should be logical
One should not expect languages to be
Written language is superior to spoken language
This is another common
Written language is superior to spoken language
This is another common
The goal of linguistics
There is a common view that the
The goal of linguistics
There is a common view that the
Linguistic terminology
The study of linguistics involves learning a whole series
Linguistic terminology
The study of linguistics involves learning a whole series
Structural notions in linguistics
The study of linguistics has two main aspects.
Structural notions in linguistics
The study of linguistics has two main aspects.
Closed class
This refers to those elements or forms in a
Closed class
This refers to those elements or forms in a
Characteristics of closed classes
1) small number of units
2) poly functional
3) acquired
Characteristics of closed classes
1) small number of units
2) poly functional
3) acquired
4) low or non-existent awareness for lay speakers
Open class
This is a group of elements which can change
Open class
This is a group of elements which can change