Содержание
- 2. Ideology and political culture: In a society / in a state, different people and different groups
- 3. Ideology: What is ‘ideology’? = a set of fundamental beliefs & values about how human affairs
- 4. Ideology is a coherent set of ideas that explains and evaluates social conditions, help people understand
- 5. Ideology: “Left--right” polarization /spectrum in politics: originates in France (18th c.); the location of opposing camps
- 6. A simplified typology of ideologies: the modern left favours equality, welfare programmes, and government intervention in
- 7. Ideologies: liberalism an ideology emphasizing (guarantees of) broad individual, political, and economic freedoms /liberty, and religious
- 8. Ideologies - classical liberalism classical liberalism: John Locke (1632-1704) ‘state of nature’ Natural rights: liberty, property,
- 9. Ideologies - classical liberalism 1776, Scottish economist Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations* founding classic
- 10. Ideologies - classical liberalism Equality before the law; equality of opportunity; the principle of meritocracy; but
- 11. Ideologies - Liberalism in the 19th c. (optional): the laissez-faire approach created problems, especially in England:
- 12. Types of Freedom “Negative” means non-interference; the absence of external constraints on the individual. The individual
- 13. Ideologies liberalism in the 20th century (optional): transformation of classical liberalism in our times: it is
- 14. Ideologies: conservatism - belief in individualism & not much government intervention in the economy + society
- 15. Conservatism Ideas and doctrines of conservatism emerged in the late 18 and early 19 centuries .
- 16. Conservatism Tradition – good because it accumulates wisdom of the past, promotes stability and security and
- 17. Conservatism Organicism- as organic whole; a living entity - family, communities are important because they bring
- 18. Conservatism Christian democracy - An ideological tendency within European conservatism, characterized by commitment to social market
- 19. Neo-Liberalism Robert Nozick, Frederick Hayek, Milton Friedman The Individual and the market economy The reduction of
- 20. Socialism: Socialism refers to a system with state or collective (public) ownership of the means of
- 21. Socialism Humans are social and caring by nature; capable of cooperation The goal for a person
- 22. Socialism vs. communism (according to Marx, optional): Socialism - the motto of socialism: "From each according
- 23. Marxism, socialism and communism: Marxism advocates the radical reform / revolution: the overthrow of the entire
- 24. Marxism (optional): Some principles of Marxism: economic determinism: economic structure determines the ‘superstructure’ ideology: class struggle
- 25. Karl Marx: Concepts Alienation A Proletarian is alienated: First, from the product, which as soon as
- 26. Karl Marx: Concepts An Ideological Critique: The Primacy Thesis Every society is composed by two levels:
- 27. Communism – variants (optional): Leninism - Lenin’s version of Marxist socialism / communism made to fit
- 28. ???
- 29. Social democracy (optional): Social democracy = a “softer” form of socialism, it stresses “social economy” but
- 30. Capitalism is necessary to generate the wealth but… Distribution of wealth in accordance with moral rather
- 31. Third Way It embraces different ideologies: liberalism, conservatism, and social democracy: The idea of an alternative
- 32. Environmentalism: Environmentalism =an alternative to anthropocentric or human-centered stance a broad philosophy /or ideology/ or social
- 33. Nationalism (optional): Nationalism related to the perception of importance of the nation-state many types of nationalism
- 34. Nationalism (optional): sometimes we distinguish: regional nationalism (e.g. Quebec in Canada, Corsica in France, Basques in
- 35. Ideologies: Other well-known ideologies: Anarchism – no government, no state are needed… Libertarianism –is close to
- 36. “New radical right” “new radical right” often extremist and xenophobic (i.e. they dislike foreigners and immigrants)
- 37. Self-study: Ideologies: Read the text on ideologies in your e-Reader, be able, among other things, to
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