Bases of Biological Sciences. Ecology

Июль 25, 2022

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Bases of Biological Sciences. Ecology

Содержание

2. Ecology Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment Put
3. Hierarchy of biological systems Tiers of ecological order: Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organs Organism System of
4. Population Population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which
5. Population growth Limiting factors of population growth: food temperature mates space Limiting factors: density-dependent density-independent
6. Population growth Carrying capacity of habitat is the maximum population size of the species that the
7. Population waves
8. Hierarchy of biological systems Tiers of ecological order: Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organs Organism System of
9. Community Community (biocenosis) is an assemblage or association of populations of two or more different species
10. Interspecific interactions Predation – the predator species benefits while the prey species is harmed (+/-) Competition
11. 1 2 4 3 5
12. Community ecology Community ecology studies how the interactions between community members and their environment affect how
13. Hierarchy of biological systems Tiers of ecological order: Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organs Organism System of
14. Ecosystem An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of
15. Food chain Food chain is a succession of organisms in an ecological community that are linked
19. Ecological pyramid Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem
20. Ecological pyramid Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity
21. Hierarchy of biological systems Tiers of ecological order: Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organs Organism System of
22. Biome A biome is a formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to
23. Biome vs Ecosystem A biome encompasses numerous smaller-scale ecosystems and is general and global A biome
24. Shaping factors Extreme (high, low), moderate: Water (rainfall, precipitation) Temperature (sunlight, air, ocean flows)
25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Temperature Water ------------------- Biodiversity
26. Diversity of biomes Temperature Water Plants Animals
27. Hierarchy of biological systems Tiers of ecological order: Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organs Organism System of
28. Biosphere The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems The living organisms are affected by
29. Ecological problems
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Слайд 2

Ecology
Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment
Put

individual organisms together, they can interact with each other and their environments to create something larger than the sum of this parts

Слайд 3

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Слайд 4

Population
Population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which

live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding
Density of population:
born and immigration (+)
death and emigration (-)
dispersion
fecundity

Слайд 5

Population growth
Limiting factors of population growth:
food
temperature
mates
space
Limiting factors:
density-dependent
density-independent

Слайд 6

Population growth
Carrying capacity of habitat is the maximum population size of

the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment

Слайд 7

Population waves

Слайд 8

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Слайд 9

Community
Community (biocenosis) is an assemblage or association of populations of two or more different species

occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time.

Слайд 10

Interspecific interactions
Predation – the predator species benefits while the prey species

is harmed (+/-)
Competition – species can compete with each other for finite resources
Mutualism – interaction in which both species benefit (+/+)
Parasitism – one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host (+/-)
Commensalism – one organism benefits while the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed (+/0)
Amensalism – a product of one organism has a negative effect on another organism (+/-)

Слайд 11

1
2
4
3
5

Слайд 12

Community ecology
Community ecology studies how the interactions between community members and

their environment affect how much of each species there are within a community

Слайд 13

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Слайд 14

Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment

(things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system
Ecosystem ecology explores how energy and materials flow through an ecosystem, and how the physical environment impacts the living organisms
A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. Habitat provides area (living or non-living)

Слайд 15

Food chain
Food chain is a succession of organisms in an ecological community that are linked to each other through the transfer of energy and nutrients
Producers
Consumers:
primary (herbivorous)
secondary (carnivorous)
tertiary
final
Decomposers

(Detritivores)

Слайд 16

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Ecological pyramid
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a

given area or ecosystem at a given time
Ecosystem productivity is the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem
Ecosystem efficiency describes the efficiency with which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

Слайд 20

Ecological pyramid
Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio

productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem

Слайд 21

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Слайд 22

Biome
A biome is a formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to similar climates

and can be found over a range of continents
Usually a biome is named after its predominant vegetation association:
grassland
rainforests
tundra
…

Слайд 23

Biome vs Ecosystem
A biome encompasses numerous smaller-scale ecosystems and is general

and global
A biome is the biotic community of a large-scale ecosystem, the abiotic components are implied as the shaping factors of a biome

Слайд 24

Shaping factors
Extreme (high, low), moderate:
Water (rainfall, precipitation)
Temperature (sunlight, air, ocean flows)

Слайд 25

1
2
3
4
5
6
Temperature
Water
-------------------
Biodiversity

Слайд 26

Diversity of biomes
Temperature
Water
Plants
Animals

Слайд 27

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Слайд 28

Biosphere
The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems
The living organisms are affected by

both biotic and abiotic factors they live within
In their turn, they change the environment: climate, chemical makeup, geology of our planet

Слайд 29

Bases of Biological Sciences. Ecology

Содержание

EcologyEcology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environmentPut

Hierarchy of biological systemsTiers of ecological order:MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrgansOrganismSystem of organsPopulationBiocenosesEcosystemsBiomeBiosphere

PopulationPopulation is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which

Population growthLimiting factors of population growth:foodtemperaturematesspaceLimiting factors:density-dependentdensity-independent

Population growthCarrying capacity of habitat is the maximum population size of

Population waves

Hierarchy of biological systemsTiers of ecological order:MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrgansOrganismSystem of organsPopulationBiocenosesEcosystemsBiomeBiosphere

CommunityCommunity (biocenosis) is an assemblage or association of populations of two or more different species

Interspecific interactionsPredation – the predator species benefits while the prey species

12435

Community ecologyCommunity ecology studies how the interactions between community members and

Hierarchy of biological systemsTiers of ecological order:MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrgansOrganismSystem of organsPopulationBiocenosesEcosystemsBiomeBiosphere

EcosystemAn ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment

Food chainFood chain is a succession of organisms in an ecological community that are linked to each other through the transfer of energy and nutrientsProducersConsumers:primary (herbivorous)secondary (carnivorous)tertiaryfinalDecomposers

Ecological pyramidBiomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a

Ecological pyramidEcological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio

Hierarchy of biological systemsTiers of ecological order:MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrgansOrganismSystem of organsPopulationBiocenosesEcosystemsBiomeBiosphere

BiomeA biome is a formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to similar climates

Biome vs Ecosystem A biome encompasses numerous smaller-scale ecosystems and is general

Shaping factorsExtreme (high, low), moderate:Water (rainfall, precipitation)Temperature (sunlight, air, ocean flows)

123456TemperatureWater -------------------Biodiversity

Diversity of biomesTemperatureWaterPlantsAnimals

Hierarchy of biological systemsTiers of ecological order:MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrgansOrganismSystem of organsPopulationBiocenosesEcosystemsBiomeBiosphere

BiosphereThe biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystemsThe living organisms are affected by

Ecological problems

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Ecology
Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment
Put

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Population
Population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, which

Population growth
Limiting factors of population growth:
food
temperature
mates
space
Limiting factors:
density-dependent
density-independent

Population growth
Carrying capacity of habitat is the maximum population size of

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Community
Community (biocenosis) is an assemblage or association of populations of two or more different species

Interspecific interactions
Predation – the predator species benefits while the prey species

1
2
4
3
5

Community ecology
Community ecology studies how the interactions between community members and

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment

Food chain
Food chain is a succession of organisms in an ecological community that are linked to each other through the transfer of energy and nutrients
Producers
Consumers:
primary (herbivorous)
secondary (carnivorous)
tertiary
final
Decomposers

Ecological pyramid
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a

Ecological pyramid
Ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Biome
A biome is a formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to similar climates

Biome vs Ecosystem
A biome encompasses numerous smaller-scale ecosystems and is general

Shaping factors
Extreme (high, low), moderate:
Water (rainfall, precipitation)
Temperature (sunlight, air, ocean flows)

1
2
3
4
5
6
Temperature
Water
-------------------
Biodiversity

Diversity of biomes
Temperature
Water
Plants
Animals

Hierarchy of biological systems
Tiers of ecological order:
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organism
System of organs
Population
Biocenoses
Ecosystems
Biome
Biosphere

Biosphere
The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems
The living organisms are affected by