Презентация к уроку английского языка "The Alimentary tract" - скачать

Август 24, 2022

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Презентация к уроку английского языка "The Alimentary tract" - скачать

Содержание

2. The Alimentary Tract A long muscular tube with many sections and areas. Begins with the mouth
3. The Alimentary tract Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Anus
4. Accessory Parts Organs that are not in the Alimentary tract but helps in the digestion Teeth
5. Mouth Functions: Food enters in the mouth or oral cavity Tasting Mechanical breakdown of food Secretion
6. Mouth Structures in the mouth that aids digestion: Teeth – cut, tear, crush and grind food.
7. Mouth Tongue Mixes and rolls food into tiny mashed up bits (Bolus) Pushes the bolus toward
8. Anatomy of the Mouth and Throat
9. Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
10. Mechanism of Swallowing Swallowing is a coordinated activity of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx and esophagus.
12. Esophagus A straight muscular tube that is about 10 inches (25 cm) long which connects the
13. Peristalsis
14. Stomach J-shaped muscular sac Has inner folds (rugae) that increases the surface area of the stomach.
15. Stomach
16. Stomach Pepsin – major enzyme; converts proteins into peptides in the presence of HCL. Mucus –
17. Movements in Stomach
18. Small Intestine Long (20 ft), coiled tube beneath the stomach. Has three parts: Duodenum – upper
19. Small Intestine Site of greatest amount of digestion and absorption
20. Small Intestine Takes about 4 – 8 hrs to complete its journey. Mucosa (inner wall) –
21. Small Intestine Has folded inner walls covered with fingerlike projections (villi; sing. – villus) Each villus
22. Movement in small intestine: Mixing: Segmental contraction that occurs in small intestine Secretion: Lubricate, liquefy, digest
23. Large Intestine a.k.a. Colon larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft) Water is absorbed from the undigested
24. Large Intestine
25. Large Intestine Waste is pushed into the expanded portion (rectum) of the large intestine. Solid waste
26. Accessory Organs Produce or store enzymes that helps in digestion. Liver Largest gland of the body
27. Accessory Organs Gall bladder Stores bile in between meals Secretes bile to the duodenum through the
28. Accessory Organs Pancreas Produces a juice that contains enzymes (amylase and insulin) to break down carbohydrates,
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Слайд 2

The Alimentary Tract
A long muscular tube with many sections and areas.
Begins

with the mouth and ends with the anus.

Слайд 3

The Alimentary tract
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus

Слайд 4

Accessory Parts
Organs that are not in the Alimentary tract but helps

in the digestion
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

Слайд 5

Mouth
Functions:
Food enters in the mouth or oral cavity
Tasting
Mechanical

breakdown of food
Secretion of salivary glands (salivary amylase)

Слайд 6

Mouth
Structures in the mouth that aids digestion:
Teeth – cut, tear,

crush and grind food.
Salivary glands – produce and secrete saliva into the oral cavity.
Parotid (beneath the cheeks)
Submaxillary (below the jaw bone)
Sublingual (below the tongue)
– saliva moistens the food and contains enzymes (ptyalin or salivary amylase) that begins digestion of starch into smaller polysaccharides.

Слайд 7

Mouth
Tongue
Mixes and rolls food into tiny mashed up bits

(Bolus)
Pushes the bolus toward the pharynx and into the esophagus when swallowing.

Слайд 8

Anatomy of the Mouth and Throat

Слайд 9

Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Слайд 10

Mechanism of Swallowing
Swallowing is a coordinated activity of the tongue, soft

palate, pharynx and esophagus.
Phases
Food is pushed into the pharynx by the tongue. (voluntary)
Tongue blocks the mouth
Soft palate closes off the nose
Larynx (Adam’s Apple) rises so the Epiglottis (a flap of tissue) can close the opening of the trachea.

Слайд 11

Слайд 12

Esophagus
A straight muscular tube that is about 10 inches (25 cm)

long which connects the mouth with the stomach
Food takes about 4 to 8 seconds as it passes through to the stomach.
Its walls contain smooth muscles that contracts in wavy motion (Peristalsis).
Peristalsis propels food and liquid slowly down the esophagus into the stomach.
Cardiac Sphincter (ring-like valve) relaxes to allow food into the stomach.

Слайд 13

Peristalsis

Слайд 14

Stomach
J-shaped muscular sac
Has inner folds (rugae) that increases the surface area

of the stomach.
Churns and grinds together the bolus into smaller pieces.
Food is mixed with gastric juices (hydrochloric acid and enzymes) secreted by the stomach walls.
HCL helps break down food and kills bacteria that came along with the food.

Слайд 15

Stomach

Слайд 16

Stomach
Pepsin – major enzyme; converts proteins into peptides in the presence

of HCL.
Mucus – lubricates food and protects the gastric lining from strong digestive juices.
Converts the bolus into a liquid (chyme) after 4 hrs of mechanical and chemical digestion
Chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter into the small intestine.

Слайд 17

Movements in Stomach

Слайд 18

Small Intestine
Long (20 ft), coiled tube beneath the stomach.
Has three parts:
Duodenum

– upper part; about 10 in; connected to the stomach.
– where the digestive juices from the pancreas and the liver combine with chyme making it thin and watery.
Jejunum – about 8 ft
Ileum – about 12 ft

Слайд 19

Small Intestine
Site of greatest amount of digestion and absorption

Слайд 20

Small Intestine
Takes about 4 – 8 hrs to complete its journey.
Mucosa

(inner wall) – secretes several enzymes that acts on the food.
Where the pancreatic enzymes are emptied into.
Digested nutrients are absorbed through intestinal walls.
Absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood then other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change.

Слайд 21

Small Intestine
Has folded inner walls covered with fingerlike projections (villi; sing.

– villus)
Each villus has tinier projections called microvilli that absorbs digested food.
Villi and microvilli increases the surface area of the small intestine for greater absorption.
Peristalsis moves the undigested food to the large intestine.

Слайд 22

Movement in small intestine:
Mixing: Segmental contraction that occurs in small intestine
Secretion:

Lubricate, liquefy, digest
Digestion: Mechanical and chemical
Absorption: Movement from tract into circulation or lymph
Elimination: Waste products removed from body

Слайд 23

Large Intestine
a.k.a. Colon
larger diameter, but shorter (5 ft)
Water is absorbed from

the undigested food making the waste harder until it becomes solid.
Waste stays for 10 – 12 hours.

Слайд 24

Large Intestine

Слайд 25

Large Intestine
Waste is pushed into the expanded portion (rectum) of the

large intestine.
Solid waste stays in the rectum until it is excreted through the anus as feces.
Appendix hangs on the right side of the large intestine.

Слайд 26

Accessory Organs
Produce or store enzymes that helps in digestion.
Liver
Largest

gland of the body
Stores vitamins A,D,E,K
Stores sugar and glycogen
Produces bile (watery, greenish substance)
Secretes bile to the gall bladder via the hepatic duct and cystic duct.

Слайд 27

Accessory Organs
Gall bladder
Stores bile in between meals
Secretes bile

to the duodenum through the bile duct during mealtime.
Bile contains bile salts, pigments, cholesterol and phospholipids.
Bile is an emulsifier NOT an enzyme.
Emulsifier – dissolves fat into the watery contents of the intestine.

Слайд 28

Accessory Organs
Pancreas
Produces a juice that contains enzymes (amylase and insulin)

to break down carbohydrates, fats and protein.
Secretes the juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct.

Презентация к уроку английского языка "The Alimentary tract" - скачать

Содержание

The Alimentary TractA long muscular tube with many sections and areas.Begins

The Alimentary tract MouthPharynxEsophagusStomachSmall IntestineLarge IntestineAnus

Accessory PartsOrgans that are not in the Alimentary tract but helps

MouthFunctions: Food enters in the mouth or oral cavity Tasting Mechanical

MouthStructures in the mouth that aids digestion: Teeth – cut, tear,

Mouth Tongue Mixes and rolls food into tiny mashed up bits

Anatomy of the Mouth and Throat

Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Mechanism of SwallowingSwallowing is a coordinated activity of the tongue, soft

EsophagusA straight muscular tube that is about 10 inches (25 cm)

Peristalsis

StomachJ-shaped muscular sacHas inner folds (rugae) that increases the surface area

Stomach

StomachPepsin – major enzyme; converts proteins into peptides in the presence

Movements in Stomach

Small IntestineLong (20 ft), coiled tube beneath the stomach.Has three parts:Duodenum

Small IntestineSite of greatest amount of digestion and absorption

Small IntestineTakes about 4 – 8 hrs to complete its journey.Mucosa

Small IntestineHas folded inner walls covered with fingerlike projections (villi; sing.

Movement in small intestine:Mixing: Segmental contraction that occurs in small intestineSecretion:

Large Intestinea.k.a. Colonlarger diameter, but shorter (5 ft)Water is absorbed from