Содержание
- 2. New terms: ● indenture – договор; соглашение в двух экземплярах; ● dub – дублировать; ● remittance
- 3. What Drives Mass Migrations? “Mass migrations are driven by economic incentives, and numerous studies testify to
- 4. Globalization in the labor market is qualitatively different from globalization of goods or asset markets. With
- 5. Globalization of world markets has been of prime economic importance in the two key eras: the
- 6. It is estimated that about 700,000 Europeans migrated to North America and the Caribbean between 1650
- 7. The sharp rise in slave imports from the late 17th century, first to the West Indies
- 8. The slave trade continued to grow, particularly to the cotton and tobacco growing colonies and states
- 9. It was not until after the middle of the 19th century that mass migration can really
- 10. It came first from Italy and parts of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and then from Poland, Russia,
- 11. The characteristics of the emigrants also changed. It was no longer a “family” migration. The mass
- 12. The return migration rates were very high for some groups, for example, Italian and Greek immigrants,
- 13. Although the discussion of the nineteenth century and pre–World War I intercontinental migration has focused on
- 14. The establishment of colonial plantation agriculture and mining, and the development of transportation and communication, increased
- 15. Asia offered a large supply of low-cost unskilled labor, but even with the cost of international
- 16. China was another major source of Asian labor, with indentured servitude contracts being most prevalent from
- 17. Japan, too, was a source of emigrant labor, with somewhat fewer than one million emigrants from
- 18. Mass migration fell sharply as war and depression halted the globalization trend and immigration policies entered
- 19. The share of the United States in intercontinental emigration from Europe was 51 percent in 1921–25,
- 20. But emigration from everywhere in Europe fell in the 1920s, with the exception of Poland and
- 21. The post-WWII period has seen a dramatic decline in the costs of travel as a result
- 22. The proportion of foreign born in the population was 15 percent in 1910, falling to a
- 23. The key structural change for the countries of overseas settlement during the postwar period was the
- 24. Among five main European destination countries, immigration from developing countries rose from 97,000 in 1975–79 to
- 25. After the formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the redistribution of price-setting powers
- 26. The result was an extraordinary increase in the demand for foreign workers. Contract workers from South
- 27. As a result of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the resulting Persian Gulf
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