Ordinal approach to consumers behavior

Содержание

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…it is difficult to link the subjective preferences of consumers to

…it is difficult to link the subjective preferences of consumers to

changes in prices, income and other market variables that are objective…
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The ordinal approach to the consumer balance

The ordinal approach to the consumer balance

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The combinations of goods should be arranged in the order of preference

The combinations of goods
should be arranged in the order of

preference
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assumption: consumers can define packages of goods and services in the order of preferences

assumption: consumers can define packages of goods and services in

the order of preferences
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Function of total utility The quantity of goods consumed in the accounting period

Function of total utility

The quantity of goods consumed in the accounting

period
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The quantity of goods (or packages of goods) consumed in the

The quantity of goods (or packages of goods) consumed in the

accounting period

Function of total utility

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This equation describes some surface in three-dimensional space

This equation describes some surface in three-dimensional space

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Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed

for some definite period
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Indifference curve is the sum of all combinations of goods X

Indifference curve is the sum of all combinations of goods X

and Y, which provide the same level of total utility or satisfaction
Indifference map is a chart that reflects indifference curves
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Curves U1, U2, U3 - three multitudes of the many possible

Curves U1, U2, U3 - three multitudes of the many possible

levels of utility from consumption of different combinations of X and Y for the same period

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

The rate at which the consumer is willing to make such substitution is called the marginal rate of substitution

Marginal rate of substitution X by Y (MRSху) - the number of Y units consumer decline to purchase one additional unit of X under the condition of constant total utility

Measurement: absolute inclination of indifference curve at the point of consumption

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Is there a correlation between the marginal utility and marginal rates of substitution? Internet Water

Is there a correlation between the marginal utility and marginal rates

of substitution?

Internet

Water

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] consumption of Y is reduced by ∆Y that leads to

] consumption of Y is reduced by ∆Y
that leads to

the loss of utility - ∆Y MUy units of utility

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

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But total utility remains unchanged, loss from -∆Y is offset by

But total utility remains unchanged, loss from -∆Y is offset by

the increased consumption of X

The inclination of the indifference curve

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

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Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed

for some definite period
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The utility measurement: ∆Uу = - ∆У MUy = - 4,2

The utility measurement:
∆Uу = - ∆У MUy = - 4,2 MUy

The

lost utility is offset by two more units of X

∆Uх = ∆Х MUх = 2 MUх

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

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As total utility at B = total utility at A, than:

As total utility at B = total utility at A, than:


2 MUх = - 4,2 MUy

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

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Switch from В to С: Quantity of Y, consumed for some

Switch from В to С:

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite

period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

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Switch from С to D: Quantity of Y, consumed for some

Switch from С to D:

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite

period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period

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The more X is consumed, the less is its marginal utility

The more X is consumed, the less is its marginal utility

in comparison with the Y marginal utility, i.e. MRSxy decreases with increasing consumption of X

Quantity of Y, consumed for some definite period

Quantity of X, consumed for some definite period