Lipid metabolism. Part 2

Phospholipid

Self-organization of phospholipids

Cleavage sites of phospholipases 

Phosphatidyl inositol calcium system

PiP2

Phospholipase A2 of bee venom

The synthesis of acetylcholine

choline

acetylcholine

Choline acetyl-transferase

Phospholipid synthesis

Violations of complex lipid metabolism

4

3

2

1

1 - Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
2

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Linoleic acid (18:2;9,12)

Linolenic acid (18:3;9,12,15)

Arachidonic acid (20:4;5;8,11,14)

Eicosanoids synthesis

Cholesterol

Cholesterol ester

Classification of steroids

С 27 (8)

С 24 (5)

С 21 (2)

С 18

Cholesterol synthesis

Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase

Acetoacetyl-CoA

2

mevalonate

farnesyl pyrophosphate (С15)

ATP

farnesyl pyrophosphate (С15)

NADPH+H+

squalene (C30)

Regulation of cholesterol synthesis

Regulation of cholesterol synthesis

Cholesterol ester metabolism

Acylcholesterol + Н2О→ Fatty acid + Cholesterol

Cholesterol

3-α,7-α- diol

3-α,7-α- diol

7-α-hydroxy cholesterol

Chenodeoxycholic acid

Cholic acid

7-α-hydroxylase

Reduction, hydroxylation

Side chain oxydation

Side chain oxydation

Bile acid

Bile acid synthesis 

Stationary state

(Cholesterol endog + Cholesterol exog) =
= (Cholesterol excr +

Joseph L. Goldstein

Hyperlipidemia classification

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Cholesterol metabolism

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic plaque

Atherosclerotic plaque is surgically scraped from artery

Cholelithiasis