Analysis and Data Management. Lecture 6

Июль 31, 2022

Главная
Информатика
Analysis and Data Management. Lecture 6

Содержание

2. Learning Objectives 1 Why are information systems such an important aspect of everyday life? 2 How
3. Try It
4. An information system collects, stores, and processes data to provide useful, accurate, and timely information, typically
5. Who uses information systems?
6. How do information systems help the people in an organization?
7. Classification of problem Structured - figuring out which customers should receive overdue notices Unstructured -deciding how
8. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS a transaction is an exchange between two parties that is recorded and stored
9. transaction processing systems batch processing online processing referred to as an OLTP system (online transaction processing
10. How does commit or rollback work?
11. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
12. How does an MIS differ from a TPS?
13. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS A decision support system (DSS) helps people make decisions by directly manipulating data,
14. A decision support system is characterized by its ability to: Support, rather than replace, managerial judgment
15. EXPERT SYSTEMS AND NEURAL NETWORKS An expert system, sometimes referred to as a knowledge-based system, is
17. A neural network uses computer circuitry to simulate the way a brain might process information, learn,
18. system development life cycle
20. PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart elements are arranged to show which tasks must be
21. A WBS (work breakdown structure) breaks a complex task into a series of subtasks.
22. Gantt charts indicate the duration of each task. They can also show milestones and compare planned
23. What are structured documentation tools? Data Flow Diagram Symbols
27. x1,x2,x3,x4 signal 1 level 2 level
28. Result x1, x2, x3, x4
34. - pixels - The main idea
35. Wavelet algorithm Wavelet transform used in the video; Will be modified some of the video data
36. Direct wavelet conversion Inverse wavelet conversion
37. Екіөлшемді тізбекті вейвлет түрлендіруін қолданып сығу (10%) программасының сандық нәтижесі.
38. 1. List ten information systems that you’ve used. 2. Describe how information systems help organizations fulfill
51. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Learning Objectives
1 Why are information systems such an important aspect of

everyday life?
2 How do information systems help organizations carry out their missions?
3 How do organizations use computers for strategic, tactical, and operational planning?
4 Can information systems solve structured, semistructured, and unstructured problems?
5 How can information systems help organizations respond to competition?
6 What kinds of information systems do organizations typically use?
7 What is an SDLC?
8 How do systems analysts use the PIECES framework?
9 What kinds of tools do systems analysts use for scheduling information systems projects and documenting system requirements?
10 Are most large corporate information systems handled by a centralized mainframe computer?
11 Are most information systems custom built?
12 How dependable are corporate information systems?
13 How does a new information system go live without disrupting business operations?
14 Can you measure how well an information system is performing?
15 How vulnerable are information systems to threats that could cause them to fail?
16 Do corporations and government agencies do a good job of protecting data that pertains to individuals?

Слайд 3

Try It

Слайд 4

An information system collects, stores, and processes data to provide useful,

accurate, and timely information, typically within the context of an organization. Information systems encompass data; the people and machines that collect, process, output, and store data; the networks that transmit and receive data; and the procedures that govern the way data is handled.

Слайд 5

Who uses information systems?

Слайд 6

How do information systems help the people in an organization?

Слайд 7

Classification of problem
Structured - figuring out which customers should receive

overdue notices
Unstructured -deciding how much inventory
to stock for the holidays
Semi-structured – decision based on her intuition of customer taste and fashion trends

Слайд 8

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS
a transaction is an exchange between two parties that

is recorded and stored in a computer system.
transaction processing system (TPS) provides a way to collect, process, store, display, modify, or cancel transactions

Слайд 9

transaction processing systems
batch processing
online processing referred to as an OLTP

system (online transaction processing system).
OLTP uses a commit or rollback strategy

Слайд 10

How does commit or rollback work?

Слайд 11

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Слайд 12

How does an MIS differ from a TPS?

Слайд 13

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
A decision support system (DSS) helps people make decisions

by directly manipulating data, analyzing data from external sources, generating statistical projections, and creating data models of various scenarios.
A special type of decision support system, called an executive information system (EIS), is designed to provide senior managers with information relevant to strategic management activities—such as setting policies, planning, and preparing budgets—based on information from internal and external databases.

Слайд 14

A decision support system is characterized by its ability to: Support, rather than

replace, managerial judgment Create decision models Improve quality of decisions Help solve semi-structured problems Incorporate external data

Слайд 15

EXPERT SYSTEMS AND NEURAL NETWORKS
An expert system, sometimes referred to as

a knowledge-based system, is a computer system designed to analyze data and produce a recommendation, diagnosis, or decision based on a set of facts and rules

Слайд 16

Слайд 17

A neural network uses computer circuitry to simulate the way a

brain might process information, learn, and remember.

Слайд 18

system development life cycle

Слайд 19

Слайд 20

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart elements are arranged to

show which tasks must be completed before subsequent dependent tasks can begin. By tracing paths through the diagram, project managers can determine the best-case and worst-case scheduling scenarios. The longest path through the tasks, shown in red, is called the critical path.

Слайд 21

A WBS (work breakdown structure) breaks a complex task into a

series of subtasks.

Слайд 22

Gantt charts indicate the duration of each task. They can also

show milestones and compare planned completion dates with actual completion dates.

Слайд 23

What are structured documentation tools?
Data Flow Diagram Symbols

Слайд 24

Слайд 25

Слайд 26

Слайд 27

x1,x2,x3,x4 signal
1 level
2 level

Слайд 28

Result
x1, x2, x3, x4

Слайд 29

Слайд 30

Слайд 31

Слайд 32

Слайд 33

Слайд 34

- pixels
-
The main idea

Слайд 35

Wavelet algorithm
Wavelet transform used in the video;
Will be modified some

of the video data coefficients (decimation);
You can use the remaining coefficients coding;
Compressed image back to back wavelet transformation.
Wavelet Transform:
Haar wavelets
Dobeshi wavelets (D4, D6)

Слайд 36

Direct wavelet conversion
Inverse wavelet conversion

Слайд 37

Екіөлшемді тізбекті вейвлет түрлендіруін қолданып сығу (10%) программасының сандық нәтижесі.

Слайд 38

1. List ten information systems that you’ve used.
2. Describe how information

systems help organizations fulfill their missions, deal with threats, and take advantage of opportunities.
3. Explain the differences between strategic, tactical, and operational planning. Provide an example of how a computer system might be used for each type of planning.
4. Explain the differences between structured, semi-structured, and unstructured problems. Provide an example of each type, and describe how an information system might contribute to solving the problems.
5. Using your own examples, discuss the ways in which an organization can respond to opportunities and threats.
6. Contrast and compare the characteristics of transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems.
7. List the phases of the SDLC and the tasks that occur in each phase. Identify three development methodologies that systems analysts might use to complete the SDLC.
8. For each letter of the PIECES framework, create your own example of a problem that a systems analyst might discover in an obsolete information system.

Слайд 39